Anterior Abdomen/Inguinal Anatomy Flashcards
5 muscles of anterior abdomen
ex oblique, in oblique, transversus abs, rectus abs, pyramidalis
last two in rectus sheath
innervation of anterior ab muscles
thoracoabdominal nerves, ventral rami of T7-T12
formation of inguinal ligament
inferior edge of aponeurosis of ex oblique, attaching to ASIS and medially to pubic tubercle
fibers of ex oblique
run down and in, aponeurosis at mid clavicular
fibers of internal oblique
out and up, aponeurotic at MCL
attachment of three flat abs
linea alba in the center under xiphoid
location/fn of quadratus lumborum muscle
behind psoas major, hikes the hip up
main hip flexor
iliopsoas, where psoas major and iliacus muscle unite
3 main diaphragmatic apertures and their locations
caval (IVC) opening- T8
esophageal hiatus- T10
aortic hiatus- T12
I 8 10 Eggs At 12
list layers in order from skin to abdominal cavity
- skin
- superficial campers fascia
- deep membranous scarpas fascia
- ex oblique
- in oblique
- transversus ab
- transversus fascia
- peritoneum
what makes up rectus sheath
interweaving aponeuroses of ex oblique, in oblique, transversus abs- surround recuts abs
arcuate line
point of transition in rectus sheath, where all 3 aponeuroses course anterior to rectus abs instead of surrounding them, only transveralis fascia posterior
3 types of folds on anterior ab wall
median umbilical fold- single midline fold from median umbilical ligament (urachus)
medial umbilical folds- obliterated fetal umbilical arteris
lateral umbilical folds- from inferior epigastric vessels
ligamentum teres
remnant of umbilical vein, from umbilicus to liver, covered by falciform ligament
falciform ligament
layer of peritoneum reflecting liver and anterior ab wall
arterial supply to ab wall
superior and inferior epigastrics mainly, anastomose w/i rectus abs
also intercostals, musculophrenics, femoral and iliac arteries
subcostal nerve is
T12 ventral ramus
2 nerves from L1 ventral ramus
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
main structures in inguinal canal
spermatic cord in males, round ligament of uterus in females, ilioinguinal nerve in both
describe the boundaries of the inguinal canal
floor- inguinal ligament
roof- in obliqe, transversus ab
anterior wall- apo of ex oblique
posterior wall- transversalis fascia, w/ conjoint tendon medially
conjoint tendon
fusion of aponeuroses from in oblique and transversus ab more medially inserting onto pubic crest
what pulls testes down into scrotum
gubernaculum
outpocketing of peritoneum into scrotum w/ testi and neurovasculature
processes vaginalis
3 layers of spermatic cord and their origin
- external spermatic fascia from ex oblique
- middle cremasteric spermatic fascia from in oblique
- internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia
- not from transversus abs
fate of processes vaginalis
mostly degenerates except around anterolateral testicle, this is the tunica vaginalis
5 main contents of spermatic cord
- testicular artery
- ductus deferns- transmits sperm to pelvis
- pampinoform plexus of veins- venous drainage and thermoregulation
- genital branch of genitofemoral nerve- innervates cremaster muscle
- lymphatics and autonomic nerves
define hernia
protrusion of visceral structure into incorrect space
indirect vs direct hernia
indirect (congenital)- follow path of spermatic cord through deep and superficial rings of inguinal canal, contents pushed into scrotum
direct: from ab or fascia weakness, viscera protrude from medial end of inguinal canal outside of spermatic cord
boundaries of hesselbachs triangle
inferior: inguinal ligament
lateral: epigastric vessels
medial: rectus abs
hernias in relation to epigastric vessels
direct hernias go thru triangle medial to epigastric
indirect thru deep ring, lateral to epigastric vessels (outside triangle)
