Antenatal Care and Screening Flashcards

1
Q

what is the incidence of morning sickness?

A

80-85%

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2
Q

what can cause morning sickness to be worse?

A

conditions where bhcg is higher, e.g. twin, molar

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3
Q

which condition can morning sickness progress to?

A

hyperemesis gravidarum

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4
Q

how much does cardiac output increase by?

A

30-50%

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5
Q

how much does heart rate increase by?

A

from 70 to 90bpm

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6
Q

what is the blood flow requirement of the uterus at term?

A

must exceed 1L/min

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7
Q

when does blood pressure drop?

A

second trimester

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8
Q

what causes the blood pressure to drop in the second trimester?

A

expansion of the uteroplacental circulation
fall in systemic vascular resistance
reduction in blood viscosity
reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin

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9
Q

what causes increased urine output?

A

renal plasma flow increases by 25-50%
GFR increases by 50%
serum urea and creatinine decrease

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10
Q

what causes the decrease in serum urea and creatinine?

A

partly due to increased GFR

partly due to dilution effect of increased plasma volume

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11
Q

why is it important to treat uti in pregnancy?

A

associated with preterm labour

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12
Q

in pre-pregnancy counselling, which previous pregnancy maternal problems should you counsel regarding risk of recurrence?

A

caesarean section
dvt
pre-eclampsia

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13
Q

in pre-pregnancy counselling, which previous pregnancy foetal problems should you counsel regarding risk of recurrence?

A

pre-term delivery
intrauterine growth restriction
foetal abnormality

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14
Q

what kind of maternal problems can be identified during antenatal examination?

A

problems such as pre-existing or developing illness

‘minor’ problems of pregnancy such as anaemia

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15
Q

what kind of foetal problems can be identified during antenatal examination?

A

small for gestational age

foetal abnormality

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16
Q

what kind of social problems can be identified during antenatal examination?

A

support needed
domestic violence
psychiatric illness

17
Q

which conditions is antenatal urinalysis screening for?

A

pre-eclampsia
diabetes
uti

18
Q

what are the aims of abdominal palpation?

A
assess symphyseal fundal height (SFH)
estimate size of baby
estimate liquor volume
determine foetal presentation
listen to the foetal heart
19
Q

if the baby remains in a breech presentation after 36 weeks what is normally offered?

A

ECV

if declined or failed, elective caesarean

20
Q

which infections are all women screened for?

A
hepatitis B
syphilis
HIV
rubella
uti
21
Q

which population of pregnant women are offered anti-D?

A

all rhesus negative women

22
Q

when is first trimester screening carried out?

A

10-14 weeks