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Adele Obs and Gynae > Anatomy - Common Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy - Common Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Which bony features make up the superior pelvic aperture (pelvic inlet)?

A 
Sacral promontory
Ala of the sacrum 
Arcuate line of the ilium
Pecten pubis
Pubic tubercle 
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
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2
Q

Which bony features make up the inferior pelvic aperture (pelvic outlet)?

A

Inferior margin of pubic symphysis
Inferior rami of pubis
Sacrotuberous ligaments
Tip of the coccyx

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3
Q

Which parts of the pelvis are termed the true and false pelvis?

A

Greater pelvis - false

Lesser pelvis - true

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4
Q

What is the difference between a male and female greater pelvis?

A

Female - shallow

Male - deep

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5
Q

What is the difference between a male and female lesser pelvis?

A

Female - wide and shallow

Male - narrow and deep

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6
Q

What is the difference between a male and female pelvic inlet?

A

Female - oval or rounded

Male - heart shaped

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7
Q

What is the difference between a male and female pelvic outlet?

A

Female - comparatively large

Male - comparatively small

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8
Q

What is the difference between a male and female subpubic angle?

A

Female - obtuse, greater than 90 degrees

Male - acute, less than 90 degrees

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9
Q

What is the difference between a male and female obturator foramen?

A

Female - oval

Male - round

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10
Q

What is the difference between a male and female acetabulum?

A

Female - small

Male - large

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11
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial plane

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12
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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13
Q

Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Obturator internus

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14
Q

Which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis

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15
Q

Which nerve plexus lies on the muscle forming the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Sacral plexus

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16
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Central tendon of the perineum

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17
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

A ligament extending from the coccyx to the anus

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18
Q

What are the two major parts of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

19
Q

What are two functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Supports pelvic viscera

Maintenance of continence

20
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm?

A 
Pudendal nerve (S2, S3)
Nerve to levator ani (S4)
21
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse of bladder into vagina

22
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

Posterior vaginal wall prolapse of rectum into vagina

23
Q

Why is a mediolateral episiotomy preferable to a midline episiotomy?

A

The midline episiotomy could tear down to the anal sphincter

24
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the portal circulation?

A

The superior rectal vein

25
Q

Which part of the rectum drains into the systemic circulation?

A

The middle and inferior rectal veins

26
Q

What are haemorrhoids?

A

Swollen or inflamed vascular structures in the anal canal

27
Q

Why might haemorrhoids be associated with cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Obstruction of portal vein leading to enlarged vessels

28
Q

What is the root value of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

29
Q

At what point does the ilioinguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

30
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in the male and female?

A

Male - skin at the root of the penis

Female - labia

31
Q

What is the root value of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1-2

32
Q

At what point does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring

33
Q

What structures in the male are supplied by the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?

A

Cremaster and dartos muscles

34
Q

What is the clinical significance of the genital branch of the genito-femoral nerve?

A

The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the sensory (femoral branch) and motor portions (genital branch) of the cremasteric reflex, which describes contraction of the cremasteric muscle when the skin of the superior medial part of the thigh is touched.

35
Q

From which segmental levels does the pudendal nerve arise?

A

S2, 3, 4

36
Q

What bony landmarks are used when performing a pudendal nerve block during labour?

A

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial spine

37
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sympathetic fibres?

A

L1 and L2

38
Q

What plexus do the sympathetic fibres come from in the male?

A

Hypogastric plexus

39
Q

What do the sympathetic fibres supply in the male?

A

Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Epididymis

40
Q

From which plexuses do the sympathetic fibres arise from in the female?

A

Pelvic and ovarian plexuses

41
Q

What are the nerve roots of the parasympathetic fibres in the female?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2, 3, 4

42
Q

What are the nerve roots of the parasympathetic fibres in the male?

A

S2, 3, 4 via the hypogastric plexus

43
Q

After rectal surgery, why are some men unable to ejaculate?

A

Damage to the pudendal nerve

44
Q

Which structures are drained by the external iliac lymph nodes?

A

Glans penis

Glans clitoris

Adele Obs and Gynae (22 decks)

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