Ante Mortem and Post Mortem Flashcards
Describe kosher slaughter
Rabbi (trained religious slaughterer) uses very sharp knife to cut the oesophagus, trachea, carotid arteries and jugular veins in one smooth action
Describe halal slaughter
Adult muslim uses a very sharp knife to cut the oesophaus, trachea and jugular veins in one smooth action whilst evoking the name of Allah. (death should not be brought by blunt force of the knife - may be rejected if this occurs)
In what situations can slaughter without stunning take place
EC 1099/2009
- In cases of religious slaughter occurring in a slaughter house (must be in a slaughterhouse where provisions have been made to allow restraints for slaughter without stunning
Describe the provisions/procedures that are required for non stun slaughter
In accordance with WATOK regulations
- One at a time
- Approved restraint
- Upright restraining pen that supports te animal and restrains the head
- Blade must be examined
Give 5 potential problems with slaughterhouse procedures
- Incompetent staff
- Slaughter without individual restraint (if not being stunned)
- Animals being kept waiting whilst others being slaughtered
- Lack of assessment of death
What would be the process of action for an OV at a slaughter house that observed tail biting in pigs
- Condemn any infected animals (infection will have reached blood)
- Notify supplying farmer of these issues and provide advice for future husbandry changes
e. g. tail docking, increased enrichment, review of stocking density, food supplements e.g. salt
What are the ear tag requirements for cattle?
Dairy - Tag 1 within 36 hrs of birth - Tag 2 within 20 days of birth Beef - Tag 1 and 2 within 20 days of birth Bison - Within 9 months of birth of before weaning (whichever is sooner)
What are the passport requirements for cattle?
Dairy and beef
- within 27 days of birth
Bison
- Within 7 days of birth
Describe the action of an OV that noticed that a cow at slaughter had a missing ear tag
- Notify farmer and ascertain why missing
- If eartag replaced within 24 hours can still go for slaughter
Describe the ear tagging regulations for sheep and goats
Must identify sheep and goats within:
- 6 months if housed overnight
- 9 months if not housed overnight
- before they are moved off holding of birth if this is sooner
Only need one tag if being slaughtered within the year (Council Parish holding number and flock/herd mark)
Require two if being kept over a year (with individual ID and CPH and flock mark)
Describe the life cycle of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata
- Humans = definitive host
- Eggs/gravid proglottids passed in faeces
- Cows (T.saginata) and Pigs (T.solium) consume vegetation infected by eggs/ gravid proglottids
- Oncosphere hatch in intestine and pass into blood where they migrate to muscles and develop into cysticerci
- Muscles then consumed as meat by humans who become infected
How do humans become infected by taenia solium
By eating raw/ undercooked pork meat containing cysticerci
How do humans become infected by Taenia saginata
By eating raw/undercooked beef
Describe Taenia solium and its impacts on human health
Form of tapeworm spreads by the ingestion of under cooked pork
- Greater pathology if consume eggs - develop in muscles, skin , eyes and CNS causing severe headache, neurological symptoms etc
Describe the pathogen that causes sheep measles
Taenia ovis (tapeworm)
- Adult form carried by dog (with no pathology) and eggs are passed in the faeces and are ingested by sheep
- Forms cysts in sheep muscles
- Over time cysts degenerate and are no longer infective, calcify and form a small nodule with a gritty texture
Describe the response to discoveing sheep measles on PM at an abattoir
- Does not present a public health risk
- Calcified cysts are unpleasant to eat and can result in downgrading or condemn of carcasses
How can Taenia ovis be controlled
- Worm all dogs on farm with praziquantel every four weeks
- Properly cook/freeze sheep meat before feeding to dogs
- Lock dogs up when not working (reduces scavenging)
- Control flies (intermediate form can be carried by them)
What is the technical term someone /an animal infected by t.solium
(human/animal) cysticercosis)
What are the current measurement techniques for trichinella (taenia)
- 10% of carcasses from each holding each year shall be examined for trichinella
How is trichinella (taenia) diagnosed?
Miscroscopic analysis of muscle samples
Immune response of an infected animal and finding antibodies to the larvae
What is currently being done to prevent the spread of trichinella?
Pork meat is being treated to a specific time temperature regimen (60 degrees for 1 minute)
- If a positive result is found then the carcase and all body parts must be disposed of as a category 2 ABP and confimation of action must be emailed to the SLA contracts team
Describe the pathological lesions that you may look for in a cow with a positive tuberculin result.
- Swollen lymph nodes of the neck (behind the pharynx) and difficulty breathing due to the development of tubercules in responce to M.bovis
Describe tubercles
Nodules that contain caseous necrosis and bacteria
Describe three symptoms of TB
fever and weight loss
swollen lymph nodes, for example in the neck
a moist cough that gets worse in the morning and during cold weather or exercise
