ANTACIDS-GENERAL INFORMATION Flashcards
How do antacids relieve heartburn and dyspepsia
,Antacids relieve heartburn and dyspepsia by neutralizing gastric acid.
What are the salts commonly found in nonprescription antacid products
,Nonprescription antacid products contain at least one of the following salts: magnesium (hydroxide, carbonate, or trisilicate); aluminum (hydroxide or phosphate); calcium carbonate; or sodium bicarbonate.
What are some differences in efficacy, onset, duration, and adverse effects of antacids
,Differences in efficacy, onset, duration, and adverse effects of antacids are determined primarily by the cation, specific salt, and potency. Antacid potency is based on the number of milliequivalents of acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), and the ANC is product-specific; the same number of antacid tablets or equal volumes of different liquid antacids are not necessarily equal in potency.
How are most antacids absorbed into the body?
Most antacids are absorbed minimally into the systemic circulation. Approximately 90% of calcium is converted to insoluble calcium salts; the remaining 10% is absorbed systemically.
About 15%–30% of magnesium and 17%–30% of aluminum may be absorbed and then excreted renally;
therefore, accumulation may occur in patients with renal insufficiency. Sodium bicarbonate is absorbed readily and is eliminated renally.
What are antacids indicated for?
Antacids are indicated for the treatment of mild, infrequent heartburn, sour stomach, and acid indigestion.
Combination products containing aspirin or acetaminophen are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for overindulgence in food and drink and hangovers, although product effectiveness has not been demonstrated.
Patients with mild dyspepsia may experience some relief with antacids, but no studies demonstrate their effectiveness for this disorder.
What should patients do if they are frequent antacid users?
Frequent antacid users may need to be switched to a longer-acting product, such as an H2RA, an H2RA plus an antacid, or a PPI, or
Referred to an appropriate healthcare provider if antacids are used more than twice a week or regularly for more than 2 weeks.
What is the onset of relief for Antacids
,<5 minutes
How long does the relief from Antacids last
,20–30 minutes
What is the onset of relief for H2RAs (Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists)
,30–45 minutes
How long does the relief from H2RAs last
,4–10 hours
What is the onset of relief for the combination of H2RAs and Antacids
,<5 minutes
How long does the relief from the combination of H2RAs and Antacids last
,8–10 hours
What is the onset of relief for PPIs (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
,1–3 hours
How long does the relief from PPIs last
,12–24 hours
Are aluminum-, calcium-, or magnesium-containing antacids safe to use during breastfeeding
,Yes, aluminum-, calcium-, or magnesium-containing antacids are considered safe to use during breastfeeding.
