Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EES 150 > ANT 160 Exam 1 > Flashcards

ANT 160 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s anthropology?

A

The study of humanity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 fields needed?

A
  1. Biological or physical anthropology
  2. Archeology or prehistory
  3. Linguistic anthropology
  4. Cultural anthropology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s biological anthropology?

A

The study of humans as biological organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s archaeology?

A

The study of past human cultures through their material remains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s linguistic anthropology?

A

Study of communication, mainly among humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s cultural anthropology?

A

The study of lifeways of the world’s living people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of cultural anthropology?

A 
.Making a living
.Reproduction & life cycle
.Health
.Marriage & family
.Social groups, politics
.Language, art, religion
. and MORE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s culture?

A

.Learned and shared ways of behaving and thinking

.Shared meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s cultural materialism?

A

A type of behavior where people are really interested in material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s cultural interpretivism?

A

Sense of making things matter

Belief/ thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s an example of cultural interpretivism?

A

Religion

.Praying 5 times a day vs almost praying 5 times a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of culture?

A

.Not the same as nature

.Based on symbols, learned, and interact and change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of characteristics of culture

A

.Eating
.Drinking.
.Sleeping
.Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s are some examples of culture is based on symbols?

A

.In India, women wear white to mark status

.White signifies purity and sexual inactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do cultures contain?

A

Micro cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some examples of micro cultures?

A

.Class .Ethnicity
.Race .Gender
.Age .Institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What has changed in social class?

A

.Poverty has not declined

.Disparities between the wealthy & poor have increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 guiding concepts of studying culture in the field?

A
  1. Cultural relativism

2. Valuing and sustain diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s cultural relativism?

A

That cultures must be understood in terms or its own values and beliefs and not by the standards of another culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 types of cultural relativism?

A

.Absolute

.Critical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does absolute status mean?

A

Whatever goes on in a culture must not be questioned or changed by outsiders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s an example of absolute status?

A

The Holocaust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does Critical status mean?

A

Where others pose questions about cultural practices in terms of who is accepting them and why

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can you gain from a critical status?

A

.Winners & losers
.Oppressors & victims
.A critique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can one value culture diversity?

A

By supporting the survival of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities as equals in interactions with outsiders
.Cultural survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What’s the history of fieldwork?

A

.1870s- “Armchair” approach
.Early 1900s- “Verandah” approach
.Today- Participation observation approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s the armchair approach?

A

An approach to fieldwork where anthropologist sit in a chair and just observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What’s the verandah approach?

A

An approach to fieldwork where anthropologist go into field work area and don’t do in debt research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What’s the participant observation approach?

A

Learning about culture by living in a culture for an extended period, participating in every day life, and learning the language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who else used the participation observation approach?

A

Bronislaw Malinows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the early focus of cultural anthropology?

A

The study of religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the focus of cultural anthropology in the 19th century?

A

primitive/ non-western religions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What’s the challenge in defining religion?

A

That it’s broad enough to fit all cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What’s the current definition of religion?

A

Beliefs & behavior related to supernatural beings & forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Is beliefs always present & visible?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who or what has a religion?

A

So far, humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What’s the definition of magic?

A

People’s attempt to compel supernatural forces & beings to act in certain ways, often to harm enemies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What did 19th century thinkers support as a cultural evolution model?

A

Magic came first, replaced by religion, replaced by science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the main sources of beliefs and supernaturals?

A 
Animatism
Zoomorphic supernaturals
Anthropomorphic supernaturals 
Pantheons
Ancestors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are pantheons?

A

Multiple gods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are some sacred spaces?

A

Mountains, streams, & stone outcroppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are sacred spaces?

A

Culturally constructed sites that make a “natural” place sacred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are some ritual practices?

A

Life cycle
Pilgrimage
Rituals of inversion
Sacrifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are some examples of a life cycle.

A

Bar Mitzvah

Kinsenyeta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What’s pilgrimage?

A

A journey that has religious significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What’s an example of pilgrimage?

A

“The Hodge”-Muslims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What’s rituals of inversion?

A

Taking the logic of the ritual and reversing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What’s an example of rituals of inversion

A

Mardi gras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What’s a state?

A

A centralized political unit with a bureaucratic structure & leaders who possess coercive power

50
Q

What are some things leaders have power over?

A

Taxes, international relations, maintain standing armies, census, social services, control & manipulate info, monopolize the use of force & maintain law & order, arrest, draft

51
Q

What’s an empire?

A

States, but encompass smaller polities such as tribes & ethnic groups

52
Q

What characteristics do empires have?

A

May control a vast territory
Seeking to control more territory
Compete with others
Their borders are not fixed

53
Q

What’s a modern state?

A

Like empires but control a territory that is fixed

54
Q

What characteristic do modern states have?

A

Seeking control of others is not proper behavior by other states
Compete with other states economically

55
Q

What’s Postcolonialism?

A

A time period (now) as wall as a posture that rejects domination by others

56
Q

Postcolonialism quote?

A

“The sun never set on the British empire” because they empired the entire world.

57
Q

What took the empires place?

A

Modern states

58
Q

Who’s empire colonized most of the Earth and when?

A

Europeans & over 500 year period

59
Q

What are some issues often existed between ethnicities?

A

Water

Oil, gas

60
Q

What causes people to support a cause?

A

Ethnic identities

61
Q

What’s social stratification?

A

Hierarchical relationships among different groups including outright discrimination

62
Q

What’s a status?

A

It refers to a person’s position in society

63
Q

What characteristics does a status have?

A

There’s a “script” for how to behave, look, consume, & etc.
Society vary in terms of societies

64
Q

What are some of the terms of society?

A

Number of positions exist
Marking
Degrees of difference among them of entitlements and life quality

65
Q

What’s achieved status?

A

A person’s or group’s position in society, “achieved” by the individual

66
Q

What are some example of achieved status?

A

Labor unions, exclusive clubs

Meritocratic individualism

67
Q

What’s meritocratic individualism?

A

The expression: I am an individual and I will need to work

68
Q

What’s ascribed status?

A

Systems of social stratification based on division of people into unequally ranked groups

69
Q

What’s an example of ascribed status?

A

Central & South America: Mestizaje- racial mixture

“race”, ethnicity, & caste

70
Q

What’s the definition of race?

A

A recent form of social inequality

71
Q

Does race exist biologically?

A

No, but it does socially

72
Q

What do biologist believe about race?

A

That color is not the biggest part of us

73
Q

How could you describe race?

A

As an unequal meeting of 2 formerly separate groups through colonization, slavers, & other large-group movements

74
Q

What’s ethnicity?

A

A sense of group membership based on a shared sense of identitiy

75
Q

What causes ethnicity?

A 
Shared history
Territory
Language 
Religion
All of the above
76
Q

What’s a diaspora population?

A

A dispersed group living outside their original homeland

77
Q

What’s the primary reason for distinguishing a culture and human diversity?

A

Language

78
Q

What are different forms of communication?

A

Dance, symbols, tones, & syntax

79
Q

What can language translate?

A

Songs and meaning

80
Q

How long does it take a child to say and understand a language?

A

2-3 years

81
Q

Why are there only approximately 6,000 languages?

A

Because languages are fading away

82
Q

What does Ethnicity involve?

A

A claim about decent

83
Q

What does decent connect with?

A

Language and sometimes race

84
Q

What’s medical anthropology?

A

The cross-cultural study of health and health problems

85
Q

What does a health system include?

A

.Perceptions and beliefs about the body
.Classifications of health problems
.Prevention measures
.Healing/healers

86
Q

How do cultures differ in how they define people’s bodies?

A 
.Perception of what a "body" actually is
.Attitudes to death
.Attitudes to surgery
.Separation of mind and body
.Perception of internal and external parts
87
Q

How do you define and classify health problems?

A

There’s no universal set of labels applies in all cultures

88
Q

What’s Culture-specific syndrome?

A

A health problem with a set of symptoms associated with a particular culture

89
Q

What is the underlying cause of culture-specific syndrome?

A

Social factors

90
Q

Can culture-specific syndrome be fatal?

A

yes

91
Q

What is often involved in culture-specific syndrome?

A

Biophysical symptoms through somatization

92
Q

Anorexia Nervosa (CSS)

A

.At: middle and upper class Euro-American girls;; globalizing
.Cause: Unknown
.Difficult to cure
. Description/ symptoms: Body wasting due to food avoidance; feeling of being too fat; death

93
Q

Retired Husband Syndrome (CSS)

A

.At: Japan
.Cause: Stress towards women
.Description: Ulcers, slurred speech, rashes around the eyes, & throat polyps

94
Q

Susto (CSS)

A

.At: Spain and Portugal; older generation
.Cause: shock
.Description: Lethargic, sleeping problems, and very unhappy
.Die earlier

95
Q

What’s ethno-etiologies?

A

Cross-cultural explanations for the causes of health problems and suffering

96
Q

What are the factors of ethno-etiologies?

A

.Natural/environmental
.Structural
.Psychological
.Supernatural

97
Q

What’s structural suffering?

A

Health problems caused by war, famine, terrorism, forced migration, poverty, & etc.

98
Q

Syria and Europe

A

Is an example of structural suffering (refugees)

99
Q

Suffering from water (CSS)

A

.At: Mexico

100
Q

What are the different forms of health protection different cultures have?

A

.Charms
.Spells
.Hygiene

101
Q

Example of ritual health protection

A

Muslim baby in India wears strings after being blessed. (4 limbs and stomach)

102
Q

What’s the less studied topic than health problems and healing?

A

Prevention

103
Q

How do such practices “work”?

A

the question of efficacy is complicated

104
Q

What are the 2 approaches to healing?

A

Community and Humoral

105
Q

what’s community healing?

A

Mobilization of community “energy” as key to cure

106
Q

What’s humoral healing?

A

Healing based on balance among elements within the body

107
Q

What’s critical medical anthropology?

A

The focus on how economic and political power structures and inequality affect health and access to healing

108
Q

What characteristics does community healing have?

A

.All night healing dances

.Open to everyone

109
Q

What characteristics does humoral healing have?

A

Different foods/ drugs have “heating” or “cooling” affects

110
Q

Example of community healing

A

The Ju/’hoansi foragers

111
Q

Example of humoral healing

A

Malaysia

112
Q

Signs of culture shock

A

Loss of “norms” from own culture

Depressed, anxiety, and emotional distress

113
Q

What’s the number 1 structural suffering problem?

A

Clean water

114
Q

What’s language primary reason?

A

To distinguish cultures and human diversity

115
Q

Approximately how many languages are there?

A

6,000

116
Q

Approximately how many countries are there?

A

2,000

117
Q

What’s animatism?

A

The belief that all things, even those considered to be inanimate objects, possess consciousness

118
Q

What’s religious pluralism?

A

2 different languages

119
Q

What’s religious syncretism?

A

Religions mixing

120
Q

What’s animism?

A

All things in nature are animated

121
Q

What are some examples of healers?

A

.Herbalists
.Shamans or Shamankas
.Bonesetters
.Midwives

122
Q

What are the building blocks of linguistics?

A

Phonemes (sounds)
Morpheme (words)
Syntax (relational meaning & grammar)

EES 150 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions