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cell bio exam 2 > ANS Exam 2 > Flashcards

ANS Exam 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐮

A

35% more milk

63% fewer cows

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1
Q

2 benefits of genetic engineering

A

Increase efficiency of production

Increase quality of production

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2
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐷

A

Have to eat 6 lbs of feed to gain 1 lb previously, now only have to eat 2.5

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3
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐑

A

Wool increased in volume 4x/fleece

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4
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐔

A

Used to be fully grown at 12 weeks, now only 36 days

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5
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🦃

A

Can’t breed on their own anymore, now need artificial insemination

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6
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐴

A

We’ve been trying to make them faster but it hasn’t worked yet, we HAVE started a lot of genetic diseases

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7
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐶

A

We made a lot of cuties but it caused a lot of genetic problems

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8
Q

Changes genetic selection has led to in 🐱

A

Not much is really working

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9
Q

Formula for linking genes to phenotype

A

Phenotype = genotype + environment

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10
Q

Gene

A

Basic unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome

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11
Q

Chromosome

A

One of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell

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12
Q

Artificial selection

A

Human deciding who gets to become parents

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13
Q

Inbreeding

A

Mating of animals more closely related than the average of the population

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14
Q

Linebreeding

A

Concentrate genes of a particular ancestor

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15
Q

One pro and con of inbreeding

A

Makes breeding easily predictable

Often associated w genetic diseases

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16
Q

Outbreeding

A

Mating animals less closely related than the average of the population

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17
Q

Crossbreeding

A

Breeding of animals of different breeds or species, used a lot in meat production

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18
Q

Heterosis

A

“Hybrid vigor”

Average of the crossbred offspring is superior to the average of the parental breeds for “x” trait

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19
Q

Complementary

A

Combining desirable different traits from two or more breeds (ex: labradoodle)

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20
Q

Artificial insemination

A

Semen is deposited in the female reproductive tracts by artificial techniques

21
Q

Haploid

A

Half of the chromosome material

22
Q

Diploid

A

Full chromosome compliment

23
Q

Triploid

A

3 halves, most animals don’t survive with this but if theyndo they’re genetically “unfit” and can’t reproduce

24
Q

What type of triploid species can survive and what’s unique about them

A

Aquatic species, they keep growing and don’t stop and get really huge

25
Q

Selection

A

Only allow animals with desires trait to reproduce

26
Q

3 problems with selection

A

What if desired trait does not exist?
We can’t control the mutations we just gotta hope
There’s no guarantee the good trait will be passed on

27
Q

Gene insertion

A

Insert gene for desired trait

28
Q

Cloning

A

Exact genetic copy of desired individual

29
Q

Embryo splitting

A

Method of cloning, separating of one embryo into multiple embryos (sort of like identical twins)

30
Q

Transgenic animals

A

Animals made by gene insertion

31
Q

What gene causes a firefly to glow?

A

Luciferase

32
Q

Lactoferin gene

A

When stimulated, major cancer-fighting compound

33
Q

What was the first FDA approved drug developed from a genetically engineered animal?

A

ATryn

34
Q

Antithrombin

A

Plasma protein with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties

35
Q

Why are fish easier to work with

A

Everything reproduction happens on the outside

36
Q

Four purposes of rumen microflora

A

Alter microorganisms
Alter methane production
Increase ability to digest cellulose
Alter select microorganisms to tolerate different environment conditions

37
Q

Benefits of genetic engineering in terms of food production (4)

A

Decreased pesticide/herbicide/fertilizers
Increases yields and productivity
Increased flavor and longevity
Increased nutrient content

38
Q

Benefits of genetic engineering in terms of medical issues (3)

A

Increased availability of drugs
Decreased cost of med supplies
Decreased costs of hospitalizations
Others not yet known

39
Q

Five risks of genetic engineering

A 
Genetically engineered organisms cause trouble when released into the wild
Long term effect on humans 
Decrease in biodiversity 
Unethical/unlawful technology use
Playing God?
40
Q

Five reasons sheep were among the earliest domesticated animals

A 
Result in lots of product 
Small size 
Highly gregarious 
Ease of handling 
Adapted to a variety of climates
41
Q

Main sheep we domesticated

A

Mouflon

42
Q

What type of sheep did native Americans domesticate

A

Navajo-churro

43
Q

Measurement that qualifies as fine wool

A

17-20 microns

44
Q

Why do you want ewes to have better wool than rams?

A

Because you’re gonna have more wool than rams in the pack. Rams with better meat quality will get with ewes with better wool quality and result in lambs with both qualities

45
Q

Most common breed of sheep in US

A

Rambouillet

46
Q

Second most common breed of sheep in US

A

delaine merino

47
Q

Where are hair breeds of sheep best suited to?

A

Tropical environments

48
Q

Six steps of wool to fabric productions

A 
Sheer the sheep
Wash it
Remove the lanolin 
Dye it
Spin it into yarn
Make it into fabric
49
Q

Lanolin

A

Oily grease found in wool used in makeup and other products

50
Q

Two parts of a wool fiber

A

Spongey cortex

Outer cuticle

cell bio exam 2 (6 decks)

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