ANS Drugs Block 1 Flashcards
physiological NT; no therapeutic use
ACh
diagnose bronchial asthma & COPD
Methacholine (Muscarinic activity) directly activates cholinoreceptor
postoperative ileus & urinary retention
bethanechol (M3)
Carbachol 1. use 2. N or M
- Glaucoma 2. N & M
Pilocarpine use
Glaucoma & Sjorgens syndrome & diagnose CFTR, induces sweat test directly activates M3
physostigmine use
REVERSIBLE INHIBITOR used to treat glaucoma
rivastigmine
tx alzheimers
neostigmine use
short duration; used treat myasthenia graves; reverse competitive blockade at NMJ
pyridostigmine use
long-term use; used treat myasthenia graves; reverse competitive blockade at NMJ
used to diagnose m. gravis
edrophonium
donepezil
tx alzheimers
ecothiophate
irreversible inhibitor used to treat glaucoma
homatropine
antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis
tacrine
tx alzheimers
biperidine
drug-induced parkinsons
antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis
homatropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate
treatment for OP poisoning
atropine & 2-PAM
motion sickness
scopolamine
drug-induced parkinsons
benztropine, biperidine, trihexphenidyl
cyclopentolate
antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis
ipratropium
bronchial asthma
succinylcholine
depolarizing NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia
tropicamide
antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis
benztropine
drug-induced parkinsons
oxybutynin
urinary urgency
glocypyrolate
cystitis
ganglion blockers
hexamethonium & mecamylamine
pancuronium
competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia
2-PAM
used with atropine in OP poisoning; breaks irreversible AChE inhibitor bond–>reactivates AChE
trihexphenidyl
drug-induced parkinsons
vecuronium
competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia
epinephrine uses
- with LA- prolong duration 2. cardiac arrest 3. glaucoma 4. anaphylaxis
epinephrine adverse effects
- HTN 2. angina 3. cardiac arrhythmia
d-tubocurarine
competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia
NE use
short-term hypotensive emergency
drugs used to treat BPH
alpha 1 blockers: prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (alpha 1A)
Isoproterenol adverse effects
tachycardia
isoproterenol uses
- bronchial asthma 2. cardiac arrest 3. heart block
alpha 1 blockers
prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (alpha 1A)
drug used to treat cariogenic shock
dopamine or dobutamine
phenylephrine use
short-term hypotensive emergency
clonidine use
HTN
alpha-methyldopa use
HTN
clonidine adverse effects
- sedation 2. abrupt withdrawal–>rebound HTN
alpha-methyldopa adverse effects
- sedation 2. abrupt withdrawal–>rebound HTN
adverse effects of ephedrine & pseudoephedrine
tachyphylaxis
prazosin use
- BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
oxymetazoline & xylometazoline use
nasal decongestant–rhinitis, hay fever
cocaine a) MOA b) adverse effects
a) blocks reuptake b) 1. tachycardia 2. HTN 3. mydriasis
drugs used to treat ADHD & Narcolepsy
dextroampheramine, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine
albuterol use & adverse effects
a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors
terbutaline use
a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors
prazosin: type of drug
alpha 1 blocker
prazosin: effect
- improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
alpha blockers
phenoxybenzamine & phentholamine
prazosin adverse effects
- postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
ritodrine use
a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors
terazosin: type of drug
alpha 1 blocker
terazosin: effect
- improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
terazosin: use
- BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
terazosin: adverse effects
- postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
-osin
alpha 1 blocker
-amine
alpha 1 & 2 blocker
tamsulosin: type of drug
alpha 1A blocker
tamsulosin: effect
- improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
tamsulosin: use
- BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
tamsulosin: adverse effects
- postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
alpha 1 blocker a. effects b. use c. adverse effects
a) 1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP b) 1. BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN c) 1. postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
phenoxybenzamine: type of drug
non-selective alpha blocker
phenoxybenzamine: effects & use
- decrease TPR –> decrease BP 2. HTN of pheochromocytoma
drugs used to treat HTN of pheochromocytoma
non-selective alpha blockers 1. phenoxybenzamine 2. phentolamine
phenoxybenzamine: adverse effects
- postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
phentolamine: adverse effects
- postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
- postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
side effects of alpha blockers
phentolamine: effects & use
- decrease TPR –> decrease BP 2. HTN of pheochromocytoma
phentolamine: type of drug
non-selective alpha blocker
non-selective alpha blocker effects
decrease TPR –> decrease BP
effects of selective alpha 1 blockers
- improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
adverse effects of beta 2 stimulants
skeletal muscle tremors
use of selective beta 2 stimulants
- bronchial asthma 2. premature labor
propranolol: type of drug
non-selective beta blocker
non-selective beta blockers
- propranolol 2. nadolol 3. timolol 4. pindolol 5. sotalol
nadolol: type of drug
non-selective beta blocker
timolol: type of drug
non-selective beta blocker
pindolol: type of drug
non-selective beta blocker; partial agonist*****
sotalol: type of drug
non-selective beta blocker
propranolol: effects
- decrease TPR–>decrease BP 2. decrease AV conduction 3. decrease cardiac work load
propranolol: uses
- HTN 2. angina 3. performance anxiety 4. essential tremors 5. pheochromocytoma 6. cardiac arrhythmias 7. migraine prphylaxis 8. thyrotoxicosis
propranolol: adverse effects
- bronchospasm–> contraindicated in COPD & bronchial asthma 2. can mask hypoglycemic symptoms
nadolol uses
- HTN 2. angina *long duration of action
Timolol uses
decrease aqueous humor formation–>tx glaucoma due to blockade of beta 2 receptors located on ciliary processes
Pindolol uses
- HTN 2. angina
sotalol effects & uses
blocks K+ channels–>tx cardiac arrhythmias
Labetolol use
- HTN emergency 2. cardiac failure
Carvedilol use
- HTN emergency 2. cardiac failure
Labetolol type of drug
alpha & beta blocker
Carvedilol
alpha & beta blocker
Cardioselective drugs (B1 > B2)
- metoprolol 2. atenolol 3. acebutalol
metoprolol type of drug & use
B1>B2 1. safer beta blockers in asthmatics & diabetics
safer beta blockers in asthmatics & diabetics
- metoprolol 2. atenolol 3. acebutalol all b1>b2
Esmolol
used to treat supra ventricular arrhythmias short plasma half life
Betaxolol
used to treat Glaucoma; decreased aqueous humor production due to blockade of beta 2 receptors located on ciliary processes long DOA
Cholinomimetics used to treat Glaucoma & MOA
- carbachol 2. pilocarpine 3. physostigmine MOA: increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction–> opens trabecular meshwork–> increased outflow through Schlemm’s canal)
non-selective alpha agonist used to treat Glaucoma & MOA
Epinephrine MOA: 1. decreased aqueous humor production (via vasoconstriction & alpha 2 receptor activation) 2. increased aqueous humor outflow (through trabecular meshwork & uveoscleral route)
selective alpha 2 agonists used to treat glaucoma & MOA
- apraclonidine 2. brimonidine MOA: decreased aqueous humor production ( due to activation of alpha-2 receptor located on ciliary process)
Glaucoma drugs that work to decrease aqueous humor production
- non-selective alpha agonist Epinephrine 2. selective alpha2 agonists apraclinidine & brimonidine 3. beta blockers timolol & betaxolol 4. Diuretics: acetazolamide & Dorzolamide
beta blockers used to treat glaucoma & MOA
- Timolol 2. Betaxolol MOA: decreased aqueous humor production (due to blockade of beta2 receptor located on ciliary process)
apraclonidine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- selective alpha 2 agonist 2. tx glaucoma 3. decreased aqueous humor production due to activation of alpha 2 receptor located on ciliary process
Brimonidine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- selective alpha 2 agonist 2. tx glaucoma 3. decreased aqueous humor production due to activation of alpha 2 receptor located on ciliary process
Carbachol: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- cholinomimetic; directly acting 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
pilocarpine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- cholinomimetic; directly acting alkaloid 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
physostigmine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- cholinomimetic: reversible inhibitor; indirectly acting 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
mannitol use & MOA
Tx glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow (due to the increased osmotic pressure of the plasma)
Latanoprost: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA
- prostaglandin analog 2. Tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow through uveoscleral route
acetazolamide
diuretic used to treat glaucoma MOA: decreased aqueous humor production due to lack of HCO3-
dorzolamide
diuretic used to treat glaucoma MOA: decreased aqueous humor production due to lack of HCO3-