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Pharm > ANS Drugs Block 1 > Flashcards

ANS Drugs Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

physiological NT; no therapeutic use

A

ACh

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2
Q

diagnose bronchial asthma & COPD

A

Methacholine (Muscarinic activity) directly activates cholinoreceptor

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3
Q

postoperative ileus & urinary retention

A

bethanechol (M3)

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4
Q

Carbachol 1. use 2. N or M

A
  1. Glaucoma 2. N & M
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5
Q

Pilocarpine use

A

Glaucoma & Sjorgens syndrome & diagnose CFTR, induces sweat test directly activates M3

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6
Q

physostigmine use

A

REVERSIBLE INHIBITOR used to treat glaucoma

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7
Q

rivastigmine

A

tx alzheimers

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8
Q

neostigmine use

A

short duration; used treat myasthenia graves; reverse competitive blockade at NMJ

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9
Q

pyridostigmine use

A

long-term use; used treat myasthenia graves; reverse competitive blockade at NMJ

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10
Q

used to diagnose m. gravis

A

edrophonium

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11
Q

donepezil

A

tx alzheimers

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12
Q

ecothiophate

A

irreversible inhibitor used to treat glaucoma

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13
Q

homatropine

A

antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis

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14
Q

tacrine

A

tx alzheimers

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15
Q

biperidine

A

drug-induced parkinsons

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16
Q

antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis

A

homatropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate

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17
Q

treatment for OP poisoning

A

atropine & 2-PAM

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18
Q

motion sickness

A

scopolamine

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19
Q

drug-induced parkinsons

A

benztropine, biperidine, trihexphenidyl

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20
Q

cyclopentolate

A

antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis

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21
Q

ipratropium

A

bronchial asthma

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22
Q

succinylcholine

A

depolarizing NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia

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23
Q

tropicamide

A

antimuscarinic used as mydriatic in refractive testing, uveitis, iritis

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24
Q

benztropine

A

drug-induced parkinsons

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25
Q

oxybutynin

A

urinary urgency

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26
Q

glocypyrolate

A

cystitis

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27
Q

ganglion blockers

A

hexamethonium & mecamylamine

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28
Q

pancuronium

A

competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia

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29
Q

2-PAM

A

used with atropine in OP poisoning; breaks irreversible AChE inhibitor bond–>reactivates AChE

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30
Q

trihexphenidyl

A

drug-induced parkinsons

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31
Q

vecuronium

A

competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia

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32
Q

epinephrine uses

A
  1. with LA- prolong duration 2. cardiac arrest 3. glaucoma 4. anaphylaxis
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33
Q

epinephrine adverse effects

A
  1. HTN 2. angina 3. cardiac arrhythmia
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34
Q

d-tubocurarine

A

competitive NMJ blocker used as skeletal muscle relaxant during general anesthesia

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35
Q

NE use

A

short-term hypotensive emergency

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36
Q

drugs used to treat BPH

A

alpha 1 blockers: prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (alpha 1A)

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37
Q

Isoproterenol adverse effects

A

tachycardia

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38
Q

isoproterenol uses

A
  1. bronchial asthma 2. cardiac arrest 3. heart block
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39
Q

alpha 1 blockers

A

prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (alpha 1A)

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40
Q

drug used to treat cariogenic shock

A

dopamine or dobutamine

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41
Q

phenylephrine use

A

short-term hypotensive emergency

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42
Q

clonidine use

A

HTN

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43
Q

alpha-methyldopa use

A

HTN

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44
Q

clonidine adverse effects

A
  1. sedation 2. abrupt withdrawal–>rebound HTN
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45
Q

alpha-methyldopa adverse effects

A
  1. sedation 2. abrupt withdrawal–>rebound HTN
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46
Q

adverse effects of ephedrine & pseudoephedrine

A

tachyphylaxis

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47
Q

prazosin use

A
  1. BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
48
Q

oxymetazoline & xylometazoline use

A

nasal decongestant–rhinitis, hay fever

49
Q

cocaine a) MOA b) adverse effects

A

a) blocks reuptake b) 1. tachycardia 2. HTN 3. mydriasis

50
Q

drugs used to treat ADHD & Narcolepsy

A

dextroampheramine, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine

51
Q

albuterol use & adverse effects

A

a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors

52
Q

terbutaline use

A

a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors

53
Q

prazosin: type of drug

A

alpha 1 blocker

54
Q

prazosin: effect

A
  1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
55
Q

alpha blockers

A

phenoxybenzamine & phentholamine

56
Q

prazosin adverse effects

A
  1. postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
57
Q

ritodrine use

A

a) 1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor b) skeletal muscle tremors

58
Q

terazosin: type of drug

A

alpha 1 blocker

59
Q

terazosin: effect

A
  1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
60
Q

terazosin: use

A
  1. BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
61
Q

terazosin: adverse effects

A
  1. postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
62
Q

-osin

A

alpha 1 blocker

63
Q

-amine

A

alpha 1 & 2 blocker

64
Q

tamsulosin: type of drug

A

alpha 1A blocker

65
Q

tamsulosin: effect

A
  1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
66
Q

tamsulosin: use

A
  1. BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN
67
Q

tamsulosin: adverse effects

A
  1. postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia
68
Q

alpha 1 blocker a. effects b. use c. adverse effects

A

a) 1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP b) 1. BPH 2. mild to moderate HTN c) 1. postural hypotension 2. minimal reflex tachycardia

69
Q

phenoxybenzamine: type of drug

A

non-selective alpha blocker

70
Q

phenoxybenzamine: effects & use

A
  1. decrease TPR –> decrease BP 2. HTN of pheochromocytoma
71
Q

drugs used to treat HTN of pheochromocytoma

A

non-selective alpha blockers 1. phenoxybenzamine 2. phentolamine

72
Q

phenoxybenzamine: adverse effects

A
  1. postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
73
Q

phentolamine: adverse effects

A
  1. postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
74
Q
  1. postural hypotension 2. reflex tachycardia
A

side effects of alpha blockers

75
Q

phentolamine: effects & use

A
  1. decrease TPR –> decrease BP 2. HTN of pheochromocytoma
76
Q

phentolamine: type of drug

A

non-selective alpha blocker

77
Q

non-selective alpha blocker effects

A

decrease TPR –> decrease BP

78
Q

effects of selective alpha 1 blockers

A
  1. improves urinary symptoms in BPH 2. decrease TPR–> decrease BP
79
Q

adverse effects of beta 2 stimulants

A

skeletal muscle tremors

80
Q

use of selective beta 2 stimulants

A
  1. bronchial asthma 2. premature labor
81
Q

propranolol: type of drug

A

non-selective beta blocker

82
Q

non-selective beta blockers

A
  1. propranolol 2. nadolol 3. timolol 4. pindolol 5. sotalol
83
Q

nadolol: type of drug

A

non-selective beta blocker

84
Q

timolol: type of drug

A

non-selective beta blocker

85
Q

pindolol: type of drug

A

non-selective beta blocker; partial agonist*****

86
Q

sotalol: type of drug

A

non-selective beta blocker

87
Q

propranolol: effects

A
  1. decrease TPR–>decrease BP 2. decrease AV conduction 3. decrease cardiac work load
88
Q

propranolol: uses

A
  1. HTN 2. angina 3. performance anxiety 4. essential tremors 5. pheochromocytoma 6. cardiac arrhythmias 7. migraine prphylaxis 8. thyrotoxicosis
89
Q

propranolol: adverse effects

A
  1. bronchospasm–> contraindicated in COPD & bronchial asthma 2. can mask hypoglycemic symptoms
90
Q

nadolol uses

A
  1. HTN 2. angina *long duration of action
91
Q

Timolol uses

A

decrease aqueous humor formation–>tx glaucoma due to blockade of beta 2 receptors located on ciliary processes

92
Q

Pindolol uses

A
  1. HTN 2. angina
93
Q

sotalol effects & uses

A

blocks K+ channels–>tx cardiac arrhythmias

94
Q

Labetolol use

A
  1. HTN emergency 2. cardiac failure
95
Q

Carvedilol use

A
  1. HTN emergency 2. cardiac failure
96
Q

Labetolol type of drug

A

alpha & beta blocker

97
Q

Carvedilol

A

alpha & beta blocker

98
Q

Cardioselective drugs (B1 > B2)

A
  1. metoprolol 2. atenolol 3. acebutalol
99
Q

metoprolol type of drug & use

A

B1>B2 1. safer beta blockers in asthmatics & diabetics

100
Q

safer beta blockers in asthmatics & diabetics

A
  1. metoprolol 2. atenolol 3. acebutalol all b1>b2
101
Q

Esmolol

A

used to treat supra ventricular arrhythmias short plasma half life

102
Q

Betaxolol

A

used to treat Glaucoma; decreased aqueous humor production due to blockade of beta 2 receptors located on ciliary processes long DOA

103
Q

Cholinomimetics used to treat Glaucoma & MOA

A
  1. carbachol 2. pilocarpine 3. physostigmine MOA: increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction–> opens trabecular meshwork–> increased outflow through Schlemm’s canal)
104
Q

non-selective alpha agonist used to treat Glaucoma & MOA

A

Epinephrine MOA: 1. decreased aqueous humor production (via vasoconstriction & alpha 2 receptor activation) 2. increased aqueous humor outflow (through trabecular meshwork & uveoscleral route)

105
Q

selective alpha 2 agonists used to treat glaucoma & MOA

A
  1. apraclonidine 2. brimonidine MOA: decreased aqueous humor production ( due to activation of alpha-2 receptor located on ciliary process)
106
Q

Glaucoma drugs that work to decrease aqueous humor production

A
  1. non-selective alpha agonist Epinephrine 2. selective alpha2 agonists apraclinidine & brimonidine 3. beta blockers timolol & betaxolol 4. Diuretics: acetazolamide & Dorzolamide
107
Q

beta blockers used to treat glaucoma & MOA

A
  1. Timolol 2. Betaxolol MOA: decreased aqueous humor production (due to blockade of beta2 receptor located on ciliary process)
108
Q

apraclonidine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. selective alpha 2 agonist 2. tx glaucoma 3. decreased aqueous humor production due to activation of alpha 2 receptor located on ciliary process
109
Q

Brimonidine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. selective alpha 2 agonist 2. tx glaucoma 3. decreased aqueous humor production due to activation of alpha 2 receptor located on ciliary process
110
Q

Carbachol: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. cholinomimetic; directly acting 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
111
Q

pilocarpine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. cholinomimetic; directly acting alkaloid 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
112
Q

physostigmine: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. cholinomimetic: reversible inhibitor; indirectly acting 2. tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow (ciliary m contraction opens trabecular meshwork–>enhances outflow through Schlemm’s canal
113
Q

mannitol use & MOA

A

Tx glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow (due to the increased osmotic pressure of the plasma)

114
Q

Latanoprost: 1. drug type 2. use 3. MOA

A
  1. prostaglandin analog 2. Tx glaucoma 3. increased aqueous humor outflow through uveoscleral route
115
Q

acetazolamide

A

diuretic used to treat glaucoma MOA: decreased aqueous humor production due to lack of HCO3-

116
Q

dorzolamide

A

diuretic used to treat glaucoma MOA: decreased aqueous humor production due to lack of HCO3-

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