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110 study stuff > ANS BS > Flashcards

ANS BS Flashcards

1
Q

parasympathetic NTs

A

ACh, NE, E

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2
Q

Sympathetic NTs

A

ACh

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3
Q

Parasympathetic gen overview

A

Origins: craniosacral (brain S1-S4)

Fibres: long preganglionic, short postganglionic (synapse at diest from spinal cord)

Location of ganglia: in visceral effector organs

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4
Q

Sympathetic div gen overview

A

origin: thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
Lengh of fibres: short preganglionic, long postganglionic (synapse close to spinal cord)
location of ganglia: close to spinal cord

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5
Q

sympathetic division

  • where preganglionic nerons
  • make what spinoal cord stuc
A

preganglionic neurons in T1 to L2

sympathetic neurons produce the spinal cord lateral horms

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6
Q

where do sympathetic division preganglionic fibres pass through

A

white rami communicantes to enter the sympathetic trunk (paravertebral trunk)

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7
Q

how many sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

23 sympathetic trunk ganglia in the sympathtic trunk

-

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8
Q

Upon entering a sympathetic trunk ganglion, a preganglionic fiber may do 1 of 3 things:

A

1) Synapse at the same level
2) Synapse at a higher or lower level
3) Synapse in a distant collateral ganglion anterior to vertebral column

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9
Q

SNS path to head

  • emerge
  • synapse
A

emerge from T1 - T4
synapse in superior cervicle ganglion

These fibers:

  • Innervate skin & blood vessels of head
  • Stimulate dilator muscles of iris
  • Inhibit nasal & salivary glands
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10
Q

SNS to thorax

A

Preganglionic emerge T1-T6
synapse in cervicle trunk ganglia

postganglionic fibres emerge from ganglia and enter C4 to C8 to innervate
+heart (cardiac plexus) lungs (pulmonary plexus)
-thyroid gland
-skin (majority)

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11
Q

`

A

Preganglionic fibers from T5 to L2 travel through splanchnic nerves to synapse in prevertebral (collateral) ganglia

Contributes to plexus

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12
Q

SNS to abdomen: ciliac ganglion

A

liver gall bladder stomach spleeen pancreas proximal duodenum

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13
Q

SNS to abdomen: superior mesenteric ganglion

A

ancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon + transverse colon

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14
Q

SNS to abdomen: inferior mesenteric ganglion

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon + upper rectum

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15
Q

SNS to pelvis

A

pathways synapse in sympathetic trunk ganglia

Sacral splanchnic nerves innervate genitalia and bladder

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16
Q

SNS pathway to adrenal medulla

A

Preganglionic fibers pass directly to adrenal medulla without synapsing in celiac ganglion

STIM: adrenal medulla secretes NE and E to blood
+more E than NE secretion

17
Q

cholinergic fibres

  • what release
  • where in SNS pathways
A

1) release ACh
2) Sympathetic preganglionic axons
+ parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic axons
(somatic motor neurons)

18
Q

Adrenergic fibres

1) what release
2) what fibres in SNS pathways

A

1) release NE OR E
2) most sympathetic postganglionic axons
* Exceptions: sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete ACh at sweat glands & some blood vessels in skeletal muscles

19
Q

Cholinergic receptors

1) how named
2) what are the two types

A

1) named after the drugs that act on them mimicking ACh

2) Nicotinic (binds nicotine) and muscorinic (binds shroom toxin)

20
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

all ganglionic neurons SNS and PSNS
motor endplates of SKM cells
hormone producing cells in adrenal medulla

EFFECT OF ACh ALWAYS STIMULATORY AT NICOTINIC RECEPTORS

21
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibres

*Effect of ACh at muscarinic receptors can be either inhibitory or excitatory

22
Q

Adrenergic receptors

1) types
2) effect
3) NE and E interations with types

A

1) alpha - typically stimulatory
beta - typically inhibitory (except heart)
2) effect depends on receptor subclass of target organ
3) NE stims alpha more than beta
E stims beta and alpha equally

23
Q

Alpha one receptor type (adrenergic)

A

more important that alpha 2

  • smooth muscle contraction (constricts BVs)
  • gland secretion
24
Q

alpha 2 receptor type (adrenergic)

A

reduces cAMP levels and nhibits the cell

25
Q

Beta 1 receptor (adrenergic)

A

heart

26
Q

beta 2 receptor (adrenergic)

A

lungs

27
Q

beta 3 receptor type (adrenergic)

A

frees E from fats

28
Q

dual innervation

A

most organs have SNS and PSNS innervation

-allows for dynamic antagonism - allows for percise control of visceral activity

29
Q

Parasympathetic tone

A

dominates heart and smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tracts
+slows heart
+dictates normal activity levels of digestive and urinary tract
SNS can ovveride in times of stress

30
Q

sympathetic tone AKA vasomotor tone

A

keeps blood vessels in continual state of partial constriction

31
Q

Unique functions of sympathtic NS

A 
ONLY SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION
-sweat glands and errector pilli - thermoregulatory responses
Kidneys - release of renin
most BVs - BP
Adrenal medulla - metabolic effects
32
Q

localized vs diffuse effects

A

PSNS - short lived highly localized control over effectors

SNS - long lasting body wide effects, fast

33
Q

why is SNS effects long lasting

A

NE inactivated more slowly than ACh

NE and E are released into blood and stay there until destroyed by liver

34
Q

short vs long reflexes

A

short reflexes do not go through CNS (skip to post ganglionic fibres)
long reflexes go through CNS (use preganglionic fibres exiting CNS)

35
Q

visceral reflexes SNS

A

cardioacceleratory reflex
vasomotor reflexes
pupillary reflex
ejaculation in males

36
Q

commmunication in ANS

A

cerebral cortex (frontal lobes) = limbic system (emotional input) = hypothalamus (overall integration of ANS) = brainstem (Regulation of pupil size, respiration, heart, blood pressure, swallowing) = spinal cord (urination, defecation, erection, ejaculation reflexes)

37
Q

visceral reflex arc

A

1) sensory receptor in viscera
2)) visceral sensory neuron
3) integration center
+could be preganglionic neuron
+could be dorsal horn interneuron
+could be in walls of GI tract
4) Efferent pathway (2-neruon chain)
+preganglionic neuron - postganglionic neuron
5) visceral effector

110 study stuff (8 decks)

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