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Anatomy Terms > ANS and spine > Flashcards

ANS and spine Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

Protective coverings for the spinal cord

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2
Q

Layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

Dura mater

A

Surrounds the spinal cord, each segment forms the epineurium
Outer layer of meninges that is dense collagenous tissue

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4
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of meninges

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5
Q

Arachnoid space

A

Deep to arachnoid mater, contains web like projections and CSF

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6
Q

Pia mater

A

Loose CT that is connected to the spinal cord and forms dentate ligaments and filum terminale

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7
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds the entire nerve projection

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8
Q

Dentate ligament

A

Runs along the spinal cord and stabilizes

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9
Q

Filum terminale

A

Fibrous band that extends from conus medullaris and connects to the coccyx, stabilizes the spinal cord

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10
Q

Vertebral levels of the spinal cord

A

C-7
T-12
L-5
S-5

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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

L1/L2

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12
Q

Why is there a vertebrosegmental discrepancy between spinal cord and vertebral column

A

Vertebral column grew faster than the spinal cord during development

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13
Q

Spinal cord levels of the spine

A

C-8
T-12
L-5
S-5

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14
Q

Cervical vertebra and spinal cord level discrepancy

A

Occipital bone is technically C1, and the C1 spinal nerve exits below that
So the spinal nerves leaving the cervical spine exit above the associated vertebral segment

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15
Q

Vertebrosegmental discrepancies in Cervical

A

Nerve exits above associated vertebra
Nerve exits horizontally

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16
Q

Vertebrosegmental discrepancies in thoracic

A

Nerve exits below the associated vertebra
In upper T nerve exits horizontally to assoc. vertebrae
Lower T, nerve is descending more vertically to get to associated vertebrae

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17
Q

Vertebrosegmental discrepancies in lumbar

A

Spinal nerve goes down vertically to reach the associated vertebrae

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18
Q

Vertebrosegmental discrepancies in sacral

A

Since in the cauda equina, all spinal nerves come from L1-L2 and descend to associated vertebrae

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19
Q

Gray matter

A

Synapses of cell bodies

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20
Q

Parts of the gray matter

A

Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Dorsal horn

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21
Q

Ventral horn

A

Somatic motor neuron cell body

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22
Q

Lateral horn

A

Visceral motor neuron
Found in T1-L2

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23
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Receive sensory info (somatic and visceral)

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24
Q

Why is there swelling in the cervical and lumbar vertebral regions

A

More synapsing (cell bodies) in the parts of the spine where the limbs are

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25
Q

White matter

A

Axons surrounded by myelin sheath
Sending and receiving signals

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26
Q

Amount of white matter matter as you go from sacral to cervical

A

Increases, more neurons entering in to go to the brain

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27
Q

Dorsal column tract

A

Between posterior horns (dorsal horns)
Ascending ipsilateral sensory, fine touch, vibration, proprioception

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28
Q

Anterolateral tract

A

Ascending contralateral tract for pain and temperature

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29
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Located between lateral horn and dorsal horn
Descending ipsilateral tract contain motor neurons

30
Q

Cervical spine looks like

A

High amount of white matter
Wide and flat
Increase ventral horn enlargement for arm and hand motor

31
Q

Thoracic spine looks like

A

Small ventral horns
Lateral horn

32
Q

Lumbar spine looks like

A

Increase in size of ventral horn for lower limbs synapsing
Round shape

33
Q

Sacral spine looks like

A

Large ventral horn
Small amount of white matter

34
Q

Ventral root

A

Efferent motor from spine to body

35
Q

Dorsal root

A

Afferent sensory from body to spine

36
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles that are innervated by a single spinal nerve root
Ventral root that innervates section of muscles

37
Q

Dermatome

A

Region of skin that sends sensory information to single spinal nerve root (1 dorsal root to 1 area of skin)

38
Q

Intervertebral space

A

Where the dorsal and ventral roots form spinal nerve trunk

39
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Skin and muscles of back
Sensory and motor

40
Q

C5 dermatome and myotome

A

Lateral elbow
Shoulder adbuction

41
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Body wall and limbs
Motor and sensory

42
Q

C6 dermatome and myotome

A

Tip of thumb
Elbow flexion

43
Q

C7 dermatome and myotome

A

Tip of middle finger
Elbow and wrist extension

44
Q

C8 dermatome and myotome

A

Tip of pinky
Finger and wrist flexion

45
Q

T1 dermatome and myotome

A

Medial elbow
Finger add/abduction

46
Q

T4 dermatome and myotome

47
Q

T10 dermatome and myotome

A

Bellybutton

48
Q

L1 dermatome and myotome

A

Inguinal ligament

49
Q

L2 dermatome and myotome

A

Hip flexion

50
Q

L4 dermatome and myotome

A

Medial ankle
Knee extension

51
Q

L5 dermatome and myotome

A

Top of foot
Dorsiflexion

52
Q

S1 dermatome and myotome

A

Lateral ankle
Plantar flexion

53
Q

S2 dermatome and myotome

A

Popliteal fossa

54
Q

S4-5 dermatome and myotome

A

Perianal and anal sphincter

55
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological processes like HR, BP, R, digestion

56
Q

3 components of the ANS

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

57
Q

Origination of sympathetics and relation to symp chain

A

T1-L2
White ramus for exciting spinal cord and entering symp chain to send signals above and below
Gray ramus for exciting chain
At levels above or below this section there is only a grey ramus because no innervation leaving the spinal cord

58
Q

Parasympathetics location

A

Medulla
S2-4

59
Q

2 neuron pathway sympathetics

A

Preganglionic - sympathetic ganglion (chain or pre-aortic) - postganglionic - target organ

60
Q

2 neuron pathway parasympathetic

A

Preganglionic - intramural ganglion - postganglionic - target organ

61
Q

Notocord

A

Becomes intervertebral discs

62
Q

Neural crest cells

A

Become dorsal root ganglia
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Pre-aortic ganglia
Intramural ganglia

63
Q

Sympathetics to abdominal cavity

A

Bypass the sympathetic chain ganglia and instead synapse in the pre-aortic ganglia

64
Q

Sympathetics to heart and lungs

A

Synapse in the sympathetic chain and then go out to the heart and lungs as cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve

65
Q

Where medulla parasympathetics innervate

A

Eyes
Salivary glands
Heart
Bronchial tree
Foregut
Midgut

66
Q

Where sacral parasympathetics innervate

A

Hindgut
Pelvic perineum (penis/clitoris)

67
Q

Where does the preganglionic neuron synapse in the sympathetic chain

A

On the level where the postganglionic neuron exits the sympathetic chain

68
Q

Visceral sensation

A

Organs sending info to your brain

69
Q

Visceral sensory neurons

A

Conduct impulses from organs, glands, to CNS and are parallel to their visceral motor counterparts (except they enter dorsal root)
Can caused referred pain

70
Q

Referred pain

A

Occurs when sensory info comes to the spinal cord from one location (appendix) but is interpreted by the CNS as coming from another location (skin) which is innervated by the same spinal cord level

Anatomy Terms (5 decks)

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