Back muscles and vertebral column Flashcards
Cervical levels and location
C1-C7
Base of skull to first rib
Thoracic levels and location
T1-T12
First to last rib
Lumbar levels and location
L1-L5
1st vertebra below last rib down to fused sacrum
Sacral level and location
S1-S5 Fused vertebrae
Coccygeal vertebrae level and location
Co3-4
Fused coccyx bone
Curvature in the spine
C shaped inward curve at T
C shaped outward at C and L
Spinous process
Can feel point on midline
Transverse process
In the transverse plane, where muscles and ligaments attach
Lamina
Between spinous and transverse process
Pedicle
Between vertebral arch and body
On lateral view creates intervertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen
In between adjacent pedicles
Where spinal nerve exits
Superior articular facet
Point of top of vertebra
Inferior articular facet
Off bottom of vertebra
Facet joint
Where superior and inferior articular facet meet
Function of facet joint
Flex and bend the back
Pars interarticularis
In between transverse process, sup. inf. articular facet, and pedicle
Vertebral body
Largest part of the spine, anterior
Vertebral arch
Section posterior to vertebral body
Intervertebral disc
Fibrocartilage for shock compression
Vertebral foramen
Forms the vertebral canal where spinal comes through
Vertebral canal
Where spinal cord travels through the spine
Unique features of the cervical spine
Bifid spinous processes
Atlas and Axis vertebra
Uncinate process
Atlas vertebra
At C1, facets that join occipital bone and holds the skull
Axis vertebra
Odontoid process (dens) that allows pivoting with atlas
How to pivot the head
Atlas and axis vertebra
Ucinate process
Hook, superior projection to prevent lateral translation
Bifid spinous process
At C2 to C2, leg like projections
Thoracic features
Costal facets, where ribs connect
Lumbar unique features
Mammillary processes
Superficial back muscles location
Originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula and humerus
Superficial “back” muscles
Migrated to back, actually upper limb so innervated by ventral ramus
Innervation superficial back muscles
Ventral ramus
Superficial back muscles list
Trapezius
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapular
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius muscle location
Trapezius function
Elevation, retraction (adduction), and depression of scapula
Upward rotation
Trapezius innervation
Spinal accessory nerve (CN X1)
Unique fiber arrangement of trapezius
Clavicle fibers pull up
Middle fibers pull in
Lower fibers pull down
Rhomboid major location
Rhomboid minor location
Function of rhomboid major and minor
Retraction (adduction) of scapula
Innervation of rhomboid major and minor
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Levator scapulae muscle location
Function of levator scapulae
Elevation of scapula
Innervation of levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Latissimus dorsi location
Anterior humerus on top
Latissimus dorsi function
Adduction, extension, and medial rotation (shoulder press) of humerus
Innervation of latissimus dorsi muscle
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
Trapezius
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapulae
Latissimus dorsi
Deep back muscles location
Course along vertebral column
Function of deep back muscles
Support and move vertebral column
Innervation of deep back muscles
Dorsal rami
Deep back muscles list
Splenius muscles (capitis and crevicis)
Erector spinal (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Transversospinalis muscles (semi-spinalis, multifidus, rotatores)
Suboccipital muscles
Splenius muscles list
Capitis and crevicis
Function of splenius muscles bilateral
Extension of head and neck
Function splenius muscles unilateral
Rotation of head and neck
Erector spinal muscles list
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Function of erector spinal muscles bilateral
Posture, vertebral extension
Iliocostalis muscle
Function of erector spinal muscles unilateral
Lateral vertebral flexion (lean to side)
Longissimus muscle
Spinalis muscle
Transversospinalis muscles list
Semi-spinalis, multifidus, rotatores
Transversospinalis muscles function
Posture
Semi-spinalis muscle
Multifidus muscle
Rotatores muscle
Suboccipital muscles location
Formation of suboccipital muscles
Creates a triangle where the vertebral artery goes through which supplies the posterior region of the brain
Suboccipital muscles
Transversospinalis muscles
Semi-spinalis
Multifidus muscle
Rotatores muscle
Erector spinal muscles
Iliocostalis muscle
Longissimus muscle
Spinalis muscle
Splenius muscles
Capitis muscle
Cervicis muscle