ANS and Lymphatic system Flashcards
ANS involved in control of what?
involuntary control of body functions
ANS regulated by…
hypothalamus, limbic system, and brainstem
if a interneuron receives input from a visceral nociceptor, it also receives input from where?
a somatic source
80% of interneurons that receive input from somatic structures also receive what kind of input?
visceral
is there evidence for any ascending pathway that transmits ONLY visceral signals from spinal cord to brain?
Nope
where do parasympathetics arise from?
brain stem nuclei
and intermediate grey matter at S2-4, CN 3, 7, 9, and 10
where do sympathetics arise from?
intermediolateral cell column of the lateral horn of the spinal cord at T1-12 and L1-2
sympathetic cervical ganglia
superior, middle, and stellate
sympathetic paravertebral ganglia
thoracolumbar
sympathetic prevertebral ganglia
celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
parasympathetics to the eye
CN3
parasympathetics to the lacrimal, palatine, and submandibular gland
CN7
parasympathetics to the parotid
CN9
parasympathetics to cardio pulm and GI
CN 10
parasympathetics to the colon, rectum, and GU
S2-4
VS levels: head and neck (include upper esophagus)
T1-5
VS levels: heart
T1-6
Vagus
VS levels: lungs
T1-7
Vagus
VS levels: upper GI (include lower esophagus)
T5-10
Vagus
VS levels: small intestine and ascending colon
T9-11
vagus
VS levels: descending and sigmoid colon and rectum
T12-L2
S2-S4
VS levels: adrenal
T5-10
VS levels: GU (including bladder)
T10-L2
S2-S4
VS levels: ureter-upper
T10-11
vagus
VS levels: extremities-upper
T2-7
VS levels: extremities-lower
T11-L2
VS levels: ureter-lower
T11-L2
S2-S4
what do the sympathetics control vascularly?
fascia, smooth muscle, and sweat glands
trunk and extremities
what do the sympathetics control viscerally?
smooth muscle, cardiac, nodal and glandular tissue in the thoracoabdominopelvic cavity
parasympathetics dont have have distribution to what?
extremities and vascular
what do the parasympathetics controll viscerally?
smooth muscle, cardiac, nodal and glandular tissue in the thoracoabdominopelvic cavity
but also viscera of head and neck
what are the 4 types of reflexes
somatosomatic
viscerovisceral
somatovisceral
viscerosomatic
what the fuck is sensitization
progressive amplification of a response following repeated administration of a stimulus
what happens to neurons when stimulus is terminated after sensitization
that shit returns to baseline
what is habituation
decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure over time
why is habituation good
allows us to tune out unimportant shit
what happens to neurons when stimulus is terminated after habituation
that shit returns to baseline
what is facilitation
some neurons in a state of subthreshold excitation. this makes them always ready to GO. (less stimulation is required to trigger the discharge of impulses)
what kinds of things cause facilitation
increase in afferent input, fucked up patterns of that input, or fucked up neurons or their chemical environment
what sustains facilitation once its established?
the gotdam CNS
what kind of somatic dysfunction do viscerosomatic usually exhibit
non-neutral (type II)
viscerosomatic reflex: increased or decreased moisture?
increased, apparently we call this shit skin drag
viscerosomatic reflex: cold or warm
warm
viscerosomatic reflex: end point?
shit is RUBBERY and poorly defined
viscerosomatic reflex: what muscles are usually affected?
small rotators (rotatores)
what are the autonomic treatment considerations for the SYMPATHETICS
- appropriate spinal levels
- paraspinal muscle spasms
- rib restrictions
- distal ganglia: cervical, celiac, and mesenteric
what are the autonomic treatment considerations for the PARASYMPATHETIC
vagus -look for condylar compression -occipitomastoid suture restrictions -OA, AA somatic dysfunctions Sacrum -sacral SD
what is allostasis
the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis
what can long term exposure to ALLOSTATIC LOAD cause?
atrophy of the hippocampus
-this affects feedback, memory, and autonomic function
what things make up lymphatics?
- organized lymph tissue
- lymph tissue
- collecting ducts
what are the transition zones / myofascial pathways?
- occipitoatlantal
- cervicothoracic
- thoracolumbar
- lumbosacral
what is the most common zink pattern?
LRLR
what them fluid pumps?
thoracic intlet, thoracic diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm
what innervates lymphatics
sympathetics
OMT doesnt work for what?
viscerosomatic reflexes
