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Anatomy Quiz 3 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory afferent

Motor efferent

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the sensory afferent?

A

Somatic, visceral

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3
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the motor efferent PNS?

A

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

The ANS is a branch of which nervous system?

A

Visceral motor efferent of the PNS

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5
Q

Somatic sensory afferent receives signals from what?

A

Skin
Bones
Skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Visceral sensory afferent receives signals from?

A

Organs
Glands
Vessels

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system sends efferent signals to what?

A

Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What are the 2 branches of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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9
Q

What do the visceral efferent neurons of ANS innervate?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

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10
Q

Where is smooth muscle innervated by ANS located?

A

Walls of organs
Walls of vessels
Hair follicles
Eye

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11
Q

What is the entire structure of a nerve? Smallest to largest

A

Axon –> endoneurium –> fascicle –> perineurium –> nerve –> epineurium

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12
Q

What is an axon?

A

Part of a neuron

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13
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Surrounds individual axons

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14
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

Groups of axons

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15
Q

What is a perineurium?

A

Surrounds fascicle

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16
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Cluster of fascicles and blood vessels

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17
Q

What is an epineurium?

A

Surrounds entire nerve

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of neurons?

A

Somatic efferent
Somatic afferent
Visceral efferent
Visceral afferent

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19
Q

What is unique about visceral efferent neurons?

A

They are actually a 2-neuron chain

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20
Q

What type of neuron is a visceral efferent neuron?

A

Multipolar

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21
Q

What is a preganglionic fiber?

A

Part of the first neuron in the CNS before the synapse in the PNS at the ganglia

22
Q

Where in general does the synapse occur?

A

Ganglia of PNS

23
Q

What is a postganglionic fiber?

A

Part of second neuron after the synapse in the PNS that goes to target organ

24
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

A

Lateral horns of T1-L2/L3 in CNS

25
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons leave the CNS via what structure?

A

Ventral root

26
Q

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

A

Sympathetic chain

Prevertebral ganglia

27
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

A 
Increase HR
Dilate pupils
Increase sweating
Dilate bronchi
Divert blood to muscles
28
Q

What is the thoracolumbar division?

A

Sympathetic nervous system location of preganglionic cell bodies

29
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

A

Brainstem

S2-S4

30
Q

Which has longer postganglionic fibers, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic has short postganglionic fibers since synapse is CLOSE to target organ

31
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A 
Increase digestion
Increase excretion
Conserve energy
Decrease HR
Constrict pupils
Constrict bronchi
Increase peristalsis
Increase secretion of digestive enzymes
32
Q

Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic located in the brainstem?

A

CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10

33
Q

Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies of the sacral spinal cord located?

A

Lateral horns of S2-S4

34
Q

What is the craniosacral division?

A

Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies

35
Q

Where is the sympathetic chain?

A

Lateral to vertebral column

Base of skull to coccyx

36
Q

What connects spinal nerves to sympathetic chain?

A

Rami communicantes

37
Q

What is the difference between the WRC and GRC?

A

WRC- where neurons ENTER the sympathetic chain

GRC- where neurons EXIT the sympathetic chain

38
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons synapse in cervical region?

A

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

39
Q

What is the path of a preganglionic sympathetic neuron?

A

Lateral horn –> ventral horn –> ventral root –> spinal nerve –> WRC –> sympathetic chain

40
Q

Once in the sympathetic chain, where can the preganglionic neuron travel?

A

Limbs/body wall
Head
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity

41
Q

If the visceral efferent structure is located in the limbs/body wall, where does the sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons travel?

A

Preganglionic travels from T1-L2/L3 and synapses at the level of the organ in the sympathetic chain and postganglionic fiber travels to limbs/body wall

42
Q

If the visceral efferent structure is located in the head, where does the sympathetic pre and post ganglionic neurons travel?

A

Preganglionic fibers travel from T1-L2/L3 to sympathetic chain and go UP toward cervical region where they synapse at superior cervical ganglion

43
Q

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate head structures?

A

Through internal and external carotid nerves

44
Q

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate structures in the thoracic cavity?

A

Through cardiac nerves

45
Q

How do postganglionic sympathetic neurons travel to innervate the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Through splanchnic nerves

46
Q

If the target organ is within the abdominopelvic cavity, where does the synapse occur?

A

Preganglionic fibers DO NOT synapse in the sympathetic chain but synapse in prevertebral ganglia of plexuses and postganglionic fibers travel via splanchnic nerves to target

47
Q

After the synapse, how do postganglionic sympathetic fibers get to target organ?

A

Leave via GRC from sympathetic trunk to target organ

48
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel?

A

Cranial and splanchnic nerves to target organs directly

49
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?

A

In ganglia close to target organ

50
Q

What are the 2 branches of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral and Central

Anatomy Quiz 3 (4 decks)

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