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ANP 1107 > ANP 1107 - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

ANP 1107 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

SCROTUM

A
  • Hangs outside the abdominal cavity
  • Contains testes
  • Divided by septum
  • 3 degrees lower
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2
Q

Dartos Muscle (scrotum)

A

Smoot muscle

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3
Q

Cremaster Muscle (scrotum)

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Testes: Tunics

A

Tunica Vaginalis: two layers, derived from the peritoneal cavity
Tunica Albuginuea: fibrous capsule of the testes

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5
Q

Testes

A
  • Each on contains 250 lobules

- —-Each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Testes: Leydig cells

A
  • Found in soft connective tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
  • Produce ANDROGENS
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7
Q

Testicular Artery

A
  • From abdominal aorta –> pelvis

- Supply testes

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8
Q

Testicular Veins

A
  • From paminiform venous plexus
  • Surrounds the testicular artery within the scrotum
  • Absorbs heat from arterial blood, cooling it
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9
Q

Testes: Spermatic Cord

A
  • Blood, lymph vessels, nerves
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10
Q

Sperm in Epididymis

A

Seminiferous tubules –> Tubulus Rectus –> Rete Testes –> Efferent ductiles –> epididymis

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11
Q

Epididymis

A
  • Cup shaped
  • 3.8 cm long
  • Head contains efferent ductules
  • Sperm enters immature and immobile
  • 20 days later can swim
  • Sperm regenerates every 2-3 months
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12
Q

Vas Deferense

A
  • Carries away
  • 45 cm long
  • From epididymis to lingual canal into pelvic cavity
  • CUT THIS FOR VESECTOMY
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13
Q

Vas Deferense: mucosa epithelium

A
  • Pseudostratistfied
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14
Q

Urethra

A
  • Terminal portion of male duct system
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15
Q

Prostatic Urethra

A
  • Surrounded by the prostrate
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16
Q

Membranous Urethra

A
  • Urogenital diaphragm
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17
Q

Spongy Urethra

A
  • Through penis

- 75% of urethral length

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18
Q

Glands

A
  • 2 seminal vesicles
  • 2 bulboureathral glands
  • Prostate glands
  • Produce bulk of semen
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19
Q

Seminal Vesicles Glands

A
  • Posterior to bladder surface
  • 5-7 cm long
  • Contracts during ejaculation
  • 70% of semen
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20
Q

Musocal Cypts in Seminal Vesicles

A
  • yellow, viscous sugar
  • fructose
  • sugar
  • coagulating enzymnes
  • prostaglandins
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21
Q

Prostate Gland

A
  • Encircles urethra
  • Inferior to bladder
  • Semen enters via ducts when smooth muscles contracts
  • 1/3 volume of semen
  • Activates sperm
  • Milky, acidic
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22
Q

Prostate Gland Composites

A
  • Milky
  • Acidic
  • Citrate
  • Enzymes
  • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
23
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

A
  • Pea sized
  • Inferior prostate
  • Produces thick clear mucus
  • Mucus neutralizes traces of acidic urine
24
Q

Penis

A
  • Composed of shaft and glans penis

- Contains spongy urethra and three cylindrical bodies

25
Q

Corpus Spongiousum

A

Surrounds uretha

26
Q

Semen

A
  • Milky white fluid
  • Mixture of sperm, testicular fluid and accessory gland secretions
  • Transports nutrients
  • Protects and activates sperm
27
Q

Relaxin

A

enhances sperm motility

28
Q

Semen pH

A

7.2 - 7.7

29
Q

Synthesis of Testosterone

A

Cholesterol –> pregesteron –> androstenedion –> testosterone

30
Q

Testosterone: Gonadal Actions

A
  • Growth and maturation of gonads and accessory glands during puberty
  • Essential for spermatogenesis
31
Q

Testosterone: Somactic Actions

A
  • Starts: interacts with bone tissue to converts to estrogenic, growth of bones
  • Stops: when levels reached, stimulates closure
  • Growth of larynx
  • Secretion of sweat
  • Hair development
32
Q

Testosterone: Metabolic Actions

A

Anabolic hematopoiesis BMR

33
Q

Testosterone: CNS Actions

A
  • Maintenance of Libido

- Agression

34
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

A
  • GH
  • TSH
  • ACTCH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • PRL
  • PIH
35
Q

FSH

A
  • Stimulates sertoli cells, supports spermatogenesis
  • Regulates the function of gonads
  • Stimulates spermatogenesis by stimulating ABP
36
Q

LH

A
  • Stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

- Stimulates gamete production of gonadal hormones

37
Q

GnRH

A
  • Controls secretion of FSH and LH
  • Released from hypothalamus, reaches cells via blood
  • Acts on AP to inhibit gonatropin release
38
Q

Inhibin

A
  • Release by sertoli cells

- Inhibits only FSH

39
Q

Forming Spermatocytes

A
  • Spematogonia (stem cells) continuously divide

- Daughter cells, type A and type B

40
Q

Type A

A
  • Stay at the basal lamina to maintain germ cell line
41
Q

Type B

A
  • Cells get pushed towards the lumen and become PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES
42
Q

Primary Spermatocytes

A

Undergo meiosis I to form halploid cells to form secondary spermatocytes.

43
Q

Secondary Spermatocytes

A
  • Continue meiosis II

- Daughter cells are spermatids

44
Q

Spermatids

A
  • Small round cells
  • Large nuclei
  • Closer to lumen
  • Compact their DNA into dense pallets
45
Q

Spermatogenesis

A
  • Spermatids to sperm
  • Undergo spermatogenesis
  • Results in spermatozoon
  • — Head
  • — Midpeice
  • — Tail

Takes 64-72 days

46
Q

Head of Sperm

A
  • Flattened nucleus
  • Contains compact DNA
  • Has an acrsome on the top
47
Q

Acrosome

A
  • Produced by Golgi A

- Contains hydrolytic enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate

48
Q

Tail

A
  • Flagellum
  • Produced by one centriole
  • Mitochondria allow the sperm to swim
49
Q

Sertoli Cells

A
  • Extend from basal lamina to lumen

- Bound by lateral tight junctions

50
Q

Basal Compartment

A

Contains spermatogonia and earliest primary spermatocytes

51
Q

Adluminal Compartment

A
  • Internal to tight junctions

- Includes meiotically active cells and lumen

52
Q

Leydig Cells

A
  • Between seminiferous tubules
  • Vascularized
  • Receptor for LH
53
Q

Blood Testis Barrier

A
  • Tight junction between sertoli cells
  • ## prevents membrane antigens from escaping

ANP 1107 (4 decks)

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