Anorectal Disease Flashcards
What are haemarrhoids
Vascular cushions in the lower rectum and anal canal
Presenttion of haemmarhoids
Painless Bleeding
Fresh, bright red blood not mixed with the stool, usually on paper
Investigations for haemorrhoids
PR Exam
Rigid SIgmoidoscopy
Flexible sigmoidsoscopy > 50s
Management of Haemarrhoids
Symptomatic
if extreme then HALO/THD procedure
Rectal Prolaps Definition
Protruding mass fromthe anus especially during defecation and may reduce spontaneously
Bleeding and passing mucus per rectum us common
Examination usually shows poor anal tone
What is the management of complete prolapse.
Bulking agent anfd education on manual reduction
Delormes procedure
Management of incomplete prolapse
in children - dietary advice
In adults - Treatment similar to that of haemarrhoids.
What is an anal fissure
Tear in anazl margin due to the passage of a constipated stool, usually found in the midline posteriorly but may occasionalyl be anterior
Multiple Fissure may be due to crohns disease
Glass through the back passage following defecation in addition to bright bleeding suggests what
anal fissures.
treatment
DIetary advice
Stool softeners
Botox
Fistula in ano
abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces
Internal opening in the anal canal and one or more external openings on the perianal skin
