Anorectal Condition

Question 1

How long is anal canal

Answer 1

4cm

Question 2

The mid of the anal canal,

Answer 2

Junction between ectoderm and endoderm

Question 3

Lower 1/2 lined with,

Answer 3

Squamous epithelium

Question 4

Upper 1/2 lined with,

Answer 4

columnar epithelium

Question 5

The blood supply of upper ½ of the anal,

Answer 5

Superior rectal vessels

Question 6

blood supply to lower ½ is,

Answer 6

the inferior rectal vessels which derives from the internal pudendal ultimately from the internal iliac vessels.

Question 7

Nerve supply upper 1/2,

Answer 7

Autonomic plexus

Question 8

lymphatic drainage above the mucocutaneous junction,

Answer 8

lumbar lymph nodes

Question 9

lymphatic below the mucocutaneous

Answer 9

,inguinal lymph nodes.

Question 10

Nerve supply of lower 1/2,by

Answer 10

the somatic inferior rectal nerves terminal branch of the pudendal nerve. So the lower ½ is sensitive to the prick needle.

Question 11

Internal vs external anal sphincter muscles

Answer 11

Internal involuntary +continuation of the circular muscles of the rectum
External voluntary

Question 12

Parts of external sphincter, (3)

Answer 12

subcutaneous the lower most portion of the external sphincter › superficial part › deep part

Question 13

Internal hemorrhoids

Answer 13

dilation of the superior haemorrhoidal veins

Common Anal

Question 14

Internal hemorrhoids pile consists of (3)

Answer 14

mass of dilated vein and artery and some connective tissue and mucosal investment.

Question 15

Primary Causes: (5)

Answer 15

›Hereditary factors e.g structural weakness of the vein. 
›Anatomical factors.
›Partial congestion.
›Chronic constipation
›Sphincteric relaxation

Question 16

Secondary Causes:(5),

Answer 16

pregnancy
venous obstruction
straining on micturition
venous congestion
carcinoma of the rectum

Question 17

C/F of internal hemorrhoids (5),

Answer 17

Bleeding at defecation
 Prolapse
 Discharge with pruritus ani
 Pain
Thrombosed piles

Question 18

Complications of internal hemorrhoids(2)

Answer 18

Profuse haemorrhage

Acute thrombosis