Anomaly Screening Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common pathophysiology of trisomy 21

A

Non- dysjunction (95%)
Translocation (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Incidence of trisomy 21

A

1:700 live births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What conditions cause low AFP(3)

A

Trisome 21
Trisomy 18
Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes high AFP (5)

A
  • neural tube defects
  • exomphalos
  • anencephaly
  • duodenal atresia
  • multiple gestation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the features of a meningomyelocele

A
  • banana shaped cerebellum 99%
  • hydrocephalus 70%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classification of ventriculomegaly

A
  • mild: lateral ventricle 10-12mm
  • mod: LV 12.1-15mm
  • sev: LV >15mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common site of spina bifida

A

Lumbosacral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Choroid plexus cyst + fetal anomalies
Likely diagnosis?

A

Trisomy 18 (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indications for fetal echocardiogram
History related(4)

A
  • family history of CHD esp mother (6%) or father (2%)
  • previous child with CHD
  • uncontrolled pregestational diabetes
  • teratogen- lithium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indications for fetal echocardiogram
Pregnancy related (4)

A
  • increased nuchal translucency
  • other fetal anomalies
  • fetal hydrops
  • fetal arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common features of trisomy 21(6)

A
  • duodenal atresia
  • AVSD
  • VSD
  • nuchal thickening
  • mild ventriculomegaly
  • sandal gap toe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of trisomy 18 (5)

A
  • choroid plexus cyst
  • clenched fist
  • rockerbottom feet
  • strawberry skull
  • micrognathia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of trisomy 13 (5)

A
  • holoprosencephaly
  • midline or bilateral facial cleft
  • iugr
  • polydactyly
  • Cardiovascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Incidence of anencephaly

A

1:1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does physiological gut herniation occur

A

9-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is megacystitis

A

Fetal bladder longitudinal length >7mm

Incidence 0.06%

17
Q

What is the significance of soft markers on ultraosund

A
  • can be seen In normal pregnancies
  • not diagnostic of structural defects
  • concern should be raised if associated with other defects or soft markers
18
Q

What is echogenic bowel

A

Hyper echogenicity of fetal bowel that should be grey like liver but white as bone.

19
Q

What conditions are associated with echogenic bowel

A
  • trisomy 13,18 21
  • bowel Obstruction
  • cystic fibrosis
  • fetal growth restriction
20
Q

What is the significance of omphalocele

A
  • 10-40% associated with chromosomal anomalies (trisomy 21,18,13)
  • 60% associated with other structural abnormalities such as cardiac or NTD
  • Requires invasive testing for karyotyping
21
Q

Incidence of omphalocele

A

3.4 : 10000 pregnancies

22
Q

What is the prevalence of encephalocele

A

0.8-5:10000 live births

23
Q

What is the most common syndrome associated with encephalocele

A

Autosomal recessive

Meckel gruber syndrome
- occipital encephalocele
-microcephaly
-micropthalmia
- polycystic kidneys
- ambiguous genitalia
- polydactyly
- cleft lip and palate

24
Q

What is associated with a low Papp -a(5)

A
  • spontaneous miscarriage
  • gestational hypertension
  • pre eclampsia
  • low birth weight
  • preterm delivery
25
Q

What specific perinatal outcome is associated with a raised afp

A
  • placental abruption
26
Q

What is associated with raised hcg/inhibinA

A
  • ptb
  • ghtn
  • pre eclampsia
  • fetal demise after 24 weeks
  • fgr
27
Q

What specific perinatal outcome is associated with low ue3

A

Oligohydramnios