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Dental Anatomy > Anomalies > Flashcards

Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic vs extrinsic vs congenital?

common examples?

A 
intrinsic= hereditary, genetic (missing tooth, peg lateral)
extrinsic= physical/chemical trauma, nutrition (flourosis)
congenital= before birth, intrinsic or extrinsic causes (syfolis)
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2
Q

adontia is? hypodontia? oliogodontia?

A 
adnodontia= missing ALL teeth; rare and congenital
hypodontia= missing one or more
oligodontia= missing 6 or more
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3
Q

commonly missing adult teeth?

A

3rd molars (especialy maxillary)
2nd mandibular PM
maxillary lateral incisors
(sometimes primary mandibular incisor and permanent mandibular central incisor)

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4
Q

supernumerary or accessory teeth?

Determined in what stage?

A

mesidens or distodens

genetic (BUD STAGE)

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5
Q

mesiodens vs distodens

A

BOTH accessory teeth
mesiodens= maxillary midline
distodens= posterior third molar

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6
Q

is a impacted tooth considered missing?

A

No

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7
Q

two types of abnormal sized teeth?

A

morphodifferentition disturbance; single or few teeth, changes size of teeth

1) macrodontia
2) microdontia

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8
Q

what is true macrodontia? false?

A 
true= gigantism
false= incisors, canines, and mandibular 3rd molars
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9
Q

what is true microdontia? false?

A 
true= dwarfism
false= maxillary lateral incisors (peg laterals) and maxillary 3rd molars
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10
Q

what stages are disturbed to get abnormal crown and root shape?

A

disturbances of morphodifferentiation and appositional stages during the bell stage

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11
Q

taurodontism

A

affects molars and premolars
crown greater proportion of tooth
No distinct root or CEJ
long pulp chamber and tiny roots/canals

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12
Q

dilaceration

A

nonlinear tooth form where BOTH crown and root are affected; caused by trauma/pressure or just exists

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13
Q

flexion

A

nonlinear form of ROOT ONLY with sharp bends; caused by trauma/pressure

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14
Q

gemination

A
  • incomplete splitting of a ONE tooth bud
    * twinning is complete separation
  • will have a notch or groove as indication on crown
  • wide mesialdistal dimension
  • incisor most common
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15
Q

fusion

A

union of TWO tooth buds

  • ***SEPARATE PULP CHAMBERS (and typically two roots)
  • combined BOTH enamel and dentin
  • large mesiodistal deminsion
  • can occur anywhere but common in anterio
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16
Q

concrescence

A

union of the root cementum ONLY, occurs after tooth eruption

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17
Q

segmented root

A

break in dentinogenesis, possible cause of root death

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18
Q

dwarfed root?

Most common tooth?

A
  • small roots
  • max incisor most common
  • curved crowns, but doesn’t mean it is smaller
  • hereditary but can occur due to orthodontic
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19
Q

hypercementosis

A

excessive cememtum buildup due to trauma, pulpal inflammation and metabolic causes
*mostly on molars, crown looks normal (only affects root)

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20
Q

talon cusps

A

an accessory cusp typically found on incisors, heredity

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21
Q

accessory cusps

A

entire extra cusps found on molars (tuberulum intermesium) or incisors (talon cusps)

  • morphodifferentiation
  • hereditary
22
Q

extra roots typically found on what teeth?

commonly split what direction?

A
  • 3rd molars
  • max first PM
  • Man anterior teeth (possible two roots)
  • *trauma, pressure, metabolic reasons
  • *split faciolingual (MD rare)
23
Q

commonly missing cusps?

A

lingual cusp on mandibular 1st PM (looks like another canine)
distolingual cusp on max 2nd molar
distal cusp on mand 1st molar

24
Q

enamel pearls?

What stage?

A

spherical nodules of enamel that form on the cementum near the CEJ

  • apposition stage
  • typically on molars
  • prone to periodontal disease
25
Q

hutchinsons incisors?

What stage?

A

hypoplastic defect from prenatal/congenital syphilis

  • morpho stage
  • deep incisal notch on permanent incisors
  • **within normal mesiodistal dimension*
26
Q

mulberry molar

A

hypoplastic defect from prenatal syphilis on first molars (mand more common)
*morpho stage

27
Q

dens in denta

A

a tooth within a tooth! caused by a reversed enamel and dentin concavity formation creating two pulp chambers
**Max lateral incisors

28
Q

odontoma? two types?

A

benign tumor
calcified dentin tissue caused by trauma or infection
1) complex
2) compound

29
Q

complex vs compound odontoma?

A

1) complex= DOESN’T look like tooth; no definite dental form

2) compound= looks like teeth; recognizable dental form

30
Q

enamel dysplasia examples

A

ameolgenesis imperfecta
flouosis
enamel damage from high fever
focal hypermaturation

31
Q

dentin dysplasia examples

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

tetracycline stain

32
Q

what is enamel dysplasia?

A

local, systemic or hereditary causes
bands, ridges, pits
discolored appearance

33
Q

enamel hypoplasia vs enamel hypocalcification

A 
hypoplasia= not enough enamel
hypocalcification= poorly calcified, not mature
34
Q

amelogenesis imperfecta

A

hereditary disease of enamel dysplasia

  • absence of immature enamel
  • rough tooth surfaces
  • prone to rampant dental caries (all over the mouth, entire crown)
35
Q

dental fluorosis

A

enamel dysplasia example

  • enamal calcification stage
  • hypocalcification from high levels of dietary fluoride while young creating white to brown bands
  • resistant to carries
36
Q

focal hypermaturation

A

enamel dysplasia example

  • white chalky opaque appearance
  • prone to dental caries
37
Q

turners teeth

A

local etiologic factors or trauma/infection

*typically localized to 1 tooth (anterior and labioversion teeth)

38
Q

what is dentinal dysplasia?

A

dentin matrix formation and calcification

  • histodifferentiation and apposition
    1) tetracycline staining
    2) dentinogensis imperfecta
39
Q

tatracycline staining

A

**dentinal dysplasia
effect relative to antibiotic use
yellow, gray, pruple color

40
Q

dentinogensis imperfecta

A 
**dentinal dysplasia
hereditary
weak dentin structure, enamel unsupported
opalescent dentin (blue-brown color)
***NO PULP CHAMBER (dentin fills it)
41
Q

attrition

A

due to tooth to tooth grinding (bruxism)

42
Q

abrasion

A

due to mechanical wearing away (rubbing together)

43
Q

abfraction

A

due to heavy occlusion with enamel chipping off at cervical

44
Q

erosion

A

due to tooth destruction from acids (lemons or stomach acid)

45
Q

pulp chambers are almost at the same level as?

A

CEJ

46
Q

is dentin or enamel more easy for abrasion to occur?

A

dentin

47
Q

diseases for abnormal root morphology?

A
  • dilaceration or flexion
  • dens in dente
  • concrescence
  • dwarfed roots
    -hhypercementosis
  • accessory (extra) roots
48
Q

abnormal crown morphologies?

A

-3rd molars
-peg shaped max lateral incisors
-gemination (twinning)
fusion
-hutchinson’s (congenital syphilis)
-# of lingual cusps
accessory cusps, tubercles, ridges
variation in tooth size
shovel-shaped incisors

49
Q

5 stages of physiological processes?

A

1) initiation
- D.L. and bud stage
- existance of teeth
2) proliferation
- bud, cap, bell stage
- general shape and size of teeth
3) histodifferentiation
- late cap and bell stage
- dentin and enamel forming cells
4) morphodifferentiation
- bud, cap, bell stages
- shape and size of the teeth determined
- enamel and dentin not effected
5) apposition
- bell, cap and root stage
- enamel and dentin formation

50
Q

4 stages of tooth development

A

1) dental lamina and bud stage
- epithelial thickening
- dental lamina
- enamel organ
2) cap stage
- inner and outer epithelium
3) bell stage
- tooth form identified
- dentinoenamel junction
- enamel and dentin formation
4) root development
- cementoenamel junction formation CEJ
- dentin and cementum formation

Dental Anatomy (19 decks)

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