Ankle Pathology Flashcards
Lateral Ligament sprain grades
I. no loss of function, minimal tearing to ATFL
II. partial LOF, partial tear of ATFL and CFL
III. complete LOF, complete tear of ATFL, CFL, partial tear of PTFL
Lateral sprain special tests
Anterior drawer: ATFL
talar tilt: CFL, PTFL
Achille’s tendonopathy/ tendonosis
- special test
- signs
Degenerative condition of the achilles tendon
- Thompson test
- decreased DF motion and strength, hyperpronation, tenderness
Types of malleolar fractures
Unimalleolar: either malleolus
Bimalleolar: both malleoli involved
Trimalleolar: both malleoli and the posterior tubercle of tibia
Lisfranc Fracture
Fracture dislocation at torso-metatarsal joint
- surgically managed
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
- Cause
- Tests
- Signs
Entrapment of posterior tibial N in the tarsal tunnel.
- overpronation, overuse, trauma
- Tinel’s
- pain, numbness and paresthesias along medial ankle to plantar of foot
Flexor Hallucis tendonopathy
Commonly seen in ballet performers
Pes Cavus
- Etiology
- Intervention
Increased height of arches, plantar flexion, toe splaying, claw toes
- genetic predisposition, neurological disorders - muscle imbalances, soft tissue contracture
- limit high-impact sports, proper footwear, orthoses
Equinus
- Etiology
- Intervention
Plantar flexed foot
- congenital bone deformity, CP, contracture of gastric-soleus, trauma, inflammatory disease
- stretching, joint mobs, intrinsic strength, orthotics
Hallux Valgus
Medial deviation of first metatarsal from midline
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Etiology
Peroneal muscular atrophy, motor and sensory affected. Slow progressive disorder, can progress to the muscles of hands and forearm.
- inherited
Plantar Fasciitis
- Signs
- Test
Microtears at attachment of plantar fascia
- pain in heel, worse in AM
- Windlass test
