Ankle/Foot complaint

Question 1

3 main types of ankle sprains

Answer 1

lateral, medial, high/syndesmodic

Question 2

What ligaments are affected by a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 2

Anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 3

What ligaments are affected by a medial ankle sprain?

Answer 3

Deltoid

Question 4

What ligaments are affected by a high ankle sprain?

Answer 4

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 5

What is the grade scale for an ankle sprain?

Answer 5

1 - no ligament laxity = minimal damage
2 - mild laxity = manage conservatively
3 - complete disruption of ligament = possible surgery

Question 6

This injury results in a negative Thompson test

Answer 6

Achilles Tendonitis

Question 7

What causes Achilles tendonitis?

Answer 7

Inflammation from microtears of the achilles tendon, pain at the posterior calcaneus that goes away with rest

Question 8

This injury results in a positive Thompson test

Answer 8

Achilles rupture

Question 9

Severs disease

Answer 9

Inflammation at the growth plate of the calcaneus – common in active children –> heel pain

Question 10

Accumulation of fluid, caused by an injury, arthritis, infection

Answer 10

Tibiotalar effusion

Question 11

Loss of longitudinal arch in the foot

Answer 11

pes planus

Question 12

increased/exaggeration of longitudinal arch in the foot

Answer 12

pes cavus

Question 13

Pain in the foot is worse in the morning, but improves throughout the day, worse with prolonged standing and forced dorsiflexion

Answer 13

Plantar fasciatis

Question 14

Inflammation of tissue that surrounds nerves between the toes – “walking on a marble”

Answer 14

Morton’s neuroma

Question 15

What is a palpable clicking sensation in the foot as the transverse arch is compressed, common in morton’s neuroma?

Answer 15

Mulder’s sign

Question 16

Chronic foot inflammation, loss of longitudinal arch, foot deformed

Answer 16

Charcot foot – common result of diabetic neuropathy

Question 17

Gout

Answer 17

Deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joint space

Question 18

What does joint aspiration reveal with someone who has gout?

Answer 18

Negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals

Question 19

Fibular head moves anterior with what

Answer 19

pronation - dorsiflex and evert

Question 20

Fibular head moves posterior with what

Answer 20

supination - plantarflex and invert

Question 21

What does the talus do with 15-20 degrees of dorsiflexion?

Answer 21

posterior glide

Question 22

What does the talus do with 55-65 degrees of plantarflexion?

Answer 22

Anterior glide

Question 23

What does the talus do with 10-20 degrees of eversion?

Answer 23

Anteromedial glide

Question 24

What does the talus do with 20 degrees of inversion?

Answer 24

Posterolateral glide

Question 25

The subtalar joint (talus and calcaneus), describe their movement in respect to each other

Answer 25

As the calcaneus everts and moves lateral, the talus will move anteriomedial and vice versa

Question 26

Describe the tarsal bone glide options?

Answer 26

Plantar glide - toward the plantar surface

Dorsal glide - toward the dorsum of the foot

Question 27

Plantar glide of what tarsal bones creates rotation about another axis?

Answer 27

Cuboid and navicular

Question 28

Plantar glide of the cuboid results in what?

Answer 28

eversion

Question 29

Plantar glide of the navicular results in what?

Answer 29

Inversion

Question 30

What is motion of the tarsal bones named for?

Answer 30

Direction of the metatarsal head

Question 31

Guide for when to order ankle x-rays

Answer 31

Ottawa ankle rules

Question 32

Option 1 of ottawa ankle rules

Answer 32

pain in malleolar zone

• bone tenderness at tip of either mallelous
• unable to bear weight or walk more than 4 steps

Question 33

Option 2 of ottawa ankle rules

Answer 33

pain in midfoot region

• bone tenderness at 5th metatarsal or navicular
• unable to bear weight or walk more than 4 steps