Ankle And Foot

Question 0

Tendonosis

Answer 0

Angiofibroblastic tendonosis 
Degeneration of collegen 
Collagen fiber disorientation 
Focal necrosis 
Immature collagen 
Neovascularization

Question 1

Tendinitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of tendon
Myotendinous junction
Vascular activation
Inflammatory response

Question 2

Severity of injury

Answer 2

Grade 1: minor tear
Grade 2: fibers torn
Grade 3: ligament torn

Question 3

Differential diagnosis

Answer 3

Fracture 
Subtalar sprain
Peroneal tendon injury
ACL rupture
Osteo handrail lesion
Fifth MT fracture 
Mid foot sprain
Fracture anterior calcaneal process

Question 4

Foot posture index

Answer 4

Tatar head postition
Supra and infra lateral malleolar curve
Calcaneal frontal plane position 
Bulge in region of TNJ
Height and congruency of MLA
And add of forefoot on rearfoot

Question 5

Abnormal foot pronation

Answer 5

Excessive In weight acceptance in gait
Excessive in loading of the foot through pronation of hind foot
Movement in wrong phase of gait (single limb support task of gait, foot to rigid lever for stability have body weight beyond base of support)

Question 6

Subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid

Interaction in pronation

Answer 6

STJ: calcaneus EVERTS on talus moving in PF and horn ADD
TNJ: navicular drops on moving talus
CCJ: cuboid abducts on moving calcaneus

Question 7

STJ, TNJ, CCJ

Supination interaction

Answer 7

STJ: calcaneus INVERTS on talus moving in DF and horn ABD
TNJ: Talus drops on moving navicular
CCJ: cuboid ADDUCTS on moving calcaneus

Question 8

Lower leg interaction with foot

Answer 8

Foot pronation=lower leg IR

Foot supinated=lower leg ER

Question 9

Midfoot into the forefoot

Answer 9

Muscles of tendon unit 
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch 
Aponeurosis

Question 10

Strength testing indications

Answer 10

Confirm diagnosis
Document baseline
Monitor changes

Question 11

Inversion muscles

Answer 11

TA

EHL

Question 12

Evert muscles

Answer 12

EDL

PT

Question 13

PF Invert

Answer 13

TP
FDL
FHL
ACT

Question 14

PF Evert

Answer 14

PL, PB

Question 15

Talar head palpations

Answer 15

Only criteria that relies on palpation not observation
Head of the talus is on the anterior side and is medial and lateral
Supination lateral head is more palpable
Pronation medial head is more palpable

Question 16

Supra and infra lateral malleolar curve

Answer 16

Pronated- curve below malleolus more acute than above (abd foot and evert calcaneus)
Supination- curve above malleolus more acute than below (add foot and invert calcaneus)

Question 17

Calcaneal frontal plane

Answer 17

Pronated-calcaneal everted
Supinated-calcaneal inverted
Quantifying the relaxed and neutral calcaneal stance

Question 18

Bulging in region of talonavicular joint

Answer 18

Pronated- TNJ bulge

Supinated-TNJ concave

Question 19

Height and congruence of medial longitudinal health

Answer 19

Arch height and arch congruency
Pronated-flat foot
Supinated-posterior arch is high

Question 20

Abduction and adduction of forefoot on rearfoot (toes)

Answer 20

Pronated-rearfoot toes are lateral. Forefoot abducted result
Supination-rearfoot toes are medial. Forefoot adducted result

Question 21

Foot supination hindfoot

Answer 21

Calcaneus invert
Talus abd, DF
navicular elevates
Cuboid add

Question 22

Foot supination forefoot

Answer 22

1st Ray PF

Evert

Question 23

Foot pronation hindfoot

Answer 23

Calcaneus everts
Talus add PF
Navicular drops and migrate laterally
Cuboid abducts