Ankle Flashcards
What are the injuries to the ankle?
Inversion and Eversion sprain
AROM for ankle
- Inversion/Eversion –> hand over top of ankle
- DF/PF
PROM for ankle
- Inversion/Eversion
- DF/PF
Strengthening test for ankle
- Inversion/Eversion
- DF/PF
What does DF strength test test for?
Tibialis Anterior
What does PF strength test test for?
Gastrocnemius/soleus
What does Inversion strength test test for?
Tibialis Posterior
What does Eversion strength test test for?
Peroneals
What are the ligament stress tests?
- Anterior drawer test
- Posterior drawer test
- Talar tilt test
- Eversion stress test
- Squeeze test
- External rotation test
Anterior drawer test
- Sit with foot relaxed slightly plantar flexed
- Stabilize lower leg with one hand and cup heel with other
- Pull heel towards you while stabilizing lower leg
What is a positive sign for anterior drawer test?
Excessive anterior translation of talus compared to uninjured side indicates ATFL injury
Posterior drawer test
- Sit with foot relaxed with slight plantar flexion
- Stabilize lower leg with one hand and cup heel with other
- Push heel away from you while stabilizing lower leg
What is a positive sign for posterior drawer test?
Excessive posterior translation of talus compared to uninjured side indicates PTFL injury
Talar tilt test
- Sit with foot relaxed
- Stabilize the lower leg and cup the heel
- Invert the heel to stress lateral ligaments
What is a positive sign for talar tilt test?
Increased laxity or pain indicates injury to CFL
Eversion stress test
- Sits with foot relaxed
- Stabilize lower leg with one hand and cup heel with the other
- Evert heel to stress the deltoid ligament
What is a positive sign for eversion stress test?
Pain or increased laxity on medial side of ankle indicates deltoid ligament injury
Squeeze test
- Lay on stomach leg relaxed
- Squeeze tibia and fibula together at the mid-calf level
- Pressure is gradually released and repeated closer to the ankle
What is a sign for positive squeeze test?
Pain in lower leg near ankle joint suggests syndesmotic injury
External rotation test
- Sits with knee flexed and foot hanging off edge of table
- Stabilize the leg and hold the heel
- Rotate the foot externally outward while holding leg still
Positive sign for external rotation test
Pain in high ankle joint area suggests a syndesmotic injury
What are the assessment for inversion sprain?
- Pain and laxity with any of ATFL, CFL, PTFL
- Anterior drawer test
- Posterior drawer test
- Squeeze test
- External rotation test
- Restricted ROM in PF and INV
- Weak resisted eversion
What is treatment for inversion and eversion sprain
- Crutches, brace, ice
- ROM exercises, alphabet, towel or band stretching
- Strengthening exercises, resistance bands to work on inversion, eversion
- Proprioception, single leg stands
- Running progression, walking, jogging, running, sprinting
What are the assessments for eversion sprain
- Pain and laxity in deltoid area
- Anterior drawer test
- restricted ROM into EVER
- Weak resisted inversion
Palpation for ankle
- ATFL
- CFL
- PTFL
- Deltoid ligament
- AITFL
