Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 371 > Animals Theme 5 > Flashcards

Animals Theme 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What form of reproduction occurs when an organism splits into 2 different offspring that are genetically identical

A

Fission/Asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What form of reproduction occurs when the offspring grows attached to a parent and splits off at maturity

A

budding/asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

piece of an organism is separated and becomes a new individual (asexual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the process of developing from an unfertilized egg?

A

Parthenogenesis (asexual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the pros and cons of asexual reproduction

A

Pros: reproduce in isolation, reproduce rapidly. Cons: no genetic variablilty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the male and female gametes and their process of development

A

Sperm (spermatogenesis), Egg (oogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dioecious

A

Having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is monoecious? And what are the two types?

A

Having both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual. Simultaneous (always both) and sequential (switch between)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the pros and cons of sexual reproduction?

A

Pros: genetic variability. Cons: more complex, slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The acrosome on a sperm

A

is the cap of nucleus and helps sperm attach to egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of external fertilization?

A

Release sperm into environment, many gametes, and small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of internal fertilization

A

Male deposits sperm into female, mating behavior and competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fusion of the egg and sperm release Ca to trigger a cortical reaction, coating the egg and preventing other sperm to penetrate into the egg

A

Slow block polyspermy (minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fusion of the egg and sperm triggers depolarization which alters the egg plasma membrane, preventing other sperm to fuse with the egg.

A

Fast block (seconds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Egg-bearing reproductive systems

A

Oviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

retain embryo in mothers body

A

Viviparous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Retaining fertilized eggs in the body of the mother, and the egg has internal fluids for nutrients

A

Ovoviviporous

18
Q

Which organisms are oviparous?

A

reptiles and insects

19
Q

which organisms are viviparous?

A

mammals

20
Q

which organisms are ovoviviparous

A

fish, lizards, and sharks

20
Q

which organisms are ovoviviparous

A

fish, lizards, and sharks

21
Q

What is the order of early development (Ontogeny)

A

Fertilization, Cleavage, Gastrulation, Organogenesis, and metamorphosis

22
Q

a sperm penetrates an egg and their nuclei fuse to produce a zygote

A

Fertilization

23
Q

Mitotic division produces a morula composed of blastomeres, and after further division produces a blastula

A

Cleavage

24
Q

Cell division, migration and rearrangements produce a gastrula (embryo that has primary tissue layers)

A

Gastrulation

25
Q

cellular mechanisms produce major tissue and organs in embryo development, the organization characteristics of the species emerge

A

Organogenesis

26
Q

The stage when the animal develops into an adult, and all tissues and organs carry out their specialized functions

A

metamorphosis

27
Q

What is direct development?

A

The youth is the smaller version of an adult

28
Q

what is indirect development?

A

The youth is in a different form than the adult

29
Q

What are the characteristics of the animal poles in cleavage

A

gives rise to the surface structures and anterior end of the embryo

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the vegetal pole in cleavage

A

larger cells, that provide nutrients for the fetus, and give rise to internal structures like the gut. On the posterior end of the embryo

31
Q

In what stage does the formation of the ecto-/meso-/endoderm form

A

Gastrulation

32
Q

What are the 6 mechanisms of gastrulation

A

Mitosis, cell movement, selective cell adhesion, induction, determination, and differentiation

33
Q

What is induction in gastrulation?

A

A group of cells influences another group of cells to follow a particular developmental pathway

34
Q

What is cell determination?

A

When the developmental fate of the cell is determined, usually due to induction

35
Q

What is differentiation in gastrulation?

A

When the cells actually become specific tissues

36
Q

Sea urchin gastrulation

A

invagination in the vegetal pole leads to the endoderm-lined cavity with the mesoderm formed between the endo-/ectoderms

37
Q

Frog gastrulation

A

Cells from the animal pole reach the dorsal lip and invaginate. Cells migrate into blastopore (involution). Archenteron (beginning of the gut) form

38
Q

What is Neurulation?

A

the development of neural tissue in the ectoderm

39
Q

What is the significance of Neural crest cells

A

The neural crest cells are able to migrate throughout the embryo after the neural tube is formed to become numerous different cell types

40
Q

What does the neural tube become

A

brain and spinal cord and central nervous system

BIOL 371 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions