Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Pt 2 Flashcards
What 3 components make up the circulatory system
.The blood
.The blood vessels
.The heart
What is plasma and what does it contain
A yellowish liquid that carries red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets around the body
Give 3 examples of SUBSTANCES carried by BLOOD PLASMA
A) ______ _________ from the organs to the ______
B) ________ products of ____________ from _______ intestine to other _______
C) U____ from the liver to the _______, where ________ is made
A) Carbon dioxide - lungs
B) Soluble - digestion - small - organs
C) Urea - kidneys - urine
Why do veins have thin walls and arteries thick walls
Veins: so it can have a wider lumen to carry more blood
Arteries: to withstand the high pressure of the blood flowing through its thin lumen
What is the shape of red blood cells
Biconcave discs that don’t have a nucleus
What do white blood cells produce:
Antibodies or antigens?
Antibodies
What do red blood cells use haemoglobin for
They combine it with oxygen which forms oxyhemoglobin in the lungs
Give 3 properties of platelets
1) they are small cell fragments
2) they don’t have a nucleus
3) they help the blood to clot at the side of a wound
What is a capillary’s function and how is it adapted to do it
1) carry blood through the organs
2) narrow and thin-walled to allow the exchange of substances with all of the living cells in the body
Do veins or arteries have valves and why
1) veins
2) to prevent the back flow of blood
How does a double circulatory system work
One transport system carries blood from heart to lungs (and back)
While the other carries blood to all other organs (and back)
The heart is made up of 2 ______ held together
Pumps
What are the four chambers of the heart
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle
Where does the right atrium and left atrium receive blood from
Right: Vena cava
Left: Pulmonary vein
How is blood moved from the atriums to the ventricles
The atria contract togethern
What happens when the ventricles contract
They force blood out of the heart.
Right ventricle —> pulmonary artery
Left ventricle —> aorta
When does coronary heart disease occur
When the coronary arteries are blocked by fatty buildup
What is the purpose of a:
A) stent
B) statin
A) Open up blocked arteries
B) lower cholesterol
What is the purpose of a:
A) stent
B) statin
A) Open up blocked arteries
B) lower cholesterol
How do doctors solve leaky valves in veins
Replace them with artificial or animal valves
What is the purpose of a pacemaker and where is it located in the heart
A) controls the natural resting heart rate
B) In the right atrium
What is an artificial pacemaker
An electrical device fitted into chest to correct irregularities
What 2 things can artificial hearts be used to do
1) keep patients alive while waiting for donor
2) allow heart to rest to allow recovery
Why do patients with artificial hearts/valves require drugs
To prevent the blood from clotting
