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Biology 101 > Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Pt 2 > Flashcards

Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Pt 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 components make up the circulatory system

A

.The blood
.The blood vessels
.The heart

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2
Q

What is plasma and what does it contain

A

A yellowish liquid that carries red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets around the body

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of SUBSTANCES carried by BLOOD PLASMA
A) ______ _________ from the organs to the ______
B) ________ products of ____________ from _______ intestine to other _______
C) U____ from the liver to the _______, where ________ is made

A

A) Carbon dioxide - lungs
B) Soluble - digestion - small - organs
C) Urea - kidneys - urine

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4
Q

Why do veins have thin walls and arteries thick walls

A

Veins: so it can have a wider lumen to carry more blood

Arteries: to withstand the high pressure of the blood flowing through its thin lumen

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5
Q

What is the shape of red blood cells

A

Biconcave discs that don’t have a nucleus

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6
Q

What do white blood cells produce:

Antibodies or antigens?

A

Antibodies

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7
Q

What do red blood cells use haemoglobin for

A

They combine it with oxygen which forms oxyhemoglobin in the lungs

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8
Q

Give 3 properties of platelets

A

1) they are small cell fragments
2) they don’t have a nucleus
3) they help the blood to clot at the side of a wound

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9
Q

What is a capillary’s function and how is it adapted to do it

A

1) carry blood through the organs

2) narrow and thin-walled to allow the exchange of substances with all of the living cells in the body

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10
Q

Do veins or arteries have valves and why

A

1) veins

2) to prevent the back flow of blood

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11
Q

How does a double circulatory system work

A

One transport system carries blood from heart to lungs (and back)
While the other carries blood to all other organs (and back)

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12
Q

The heart is made up of 2 ______ held together

A

Pumps

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13
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

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14
Q

Where does the right atrium and left atrium receive blood from

A

Right: Vena cava
Left: Pulmonary vein

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15
Q

How is blood moved from the atriums to the ventricles

A

The atria contract togethern

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16
Q

What happens when the ventricles contract

A

They force blood out of the heart.
Right ventricle —> pulmonary artery
Left ventricle —> aorta

17
Q

When does coronary heart disease occur

A

When the coronary arteries are blocked by fatty buildup

18
Q

What is the purpose of a:
A) stent
B) statin

A

A) Open up blocked arteries

B) lower cholesterol

19
Q

What is the purpose of a:
A) stent
B) statin

A

A) Open up blocked arteries

B) lower cholesterol

20
Q

How do doctors solve leaky valves in veins

A

Replace them with artificial or animal valves

21
Q

What is the purpose of a pacemaker and where is it located in the heart

A

A) controls the natural resting heart rate

B) In the right atrium

22
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker

A

An electrical device fitted into chest to correct irregularities

23
Q

What 2 things can artificial hearts be used to do

A

1) keep patients alive while waiting for donor

2) allow heart to rest to allow recovery

24
Q

Why do patients with artificial hearts/valves require drugs

A

To prevent the blood from clotting

25
Q

Where are the lungs located
In
Inside
Above

A

In the thorax
Inside the ribcage
Above the diaphragm

26
Q

What happens when you breathe (5 steps)

A

1) intercostal muscles contract
2) ribcage moved up and out
3) diaphragm muscles contract and diaphragm flattens
4) thorax volume increases
5) pressure in thorax decreases and air drawn into lungs

27
Q

What happens when you breathe out (5 steps)

A

1) intercostal muscles of ribcage + diaphragm relax
2) ribcage moves down/in
3) diaphragm becomes domed
4) volume of thorax decreases
5) pressure increases and air forced out

28
Q

Which structures increase the surface area of the lungs

A

Alveoli

29
Q

How can gases diffuse in/out of the blood as efficiently as possible (2 things alveoli provides)

A

Because the alveoli provide:

1) very large surface area
2) rich supply of blood capillaries

30
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the…

The left ventricle pumps blood to the…

A

1) lungs

2) rest of the body

31
Q

What muscle is supplied with blood from the coronary arteries

A

The heart

32
Q

Order the structures involved in the respiratory system

A

1) nasal cavity
2) trachea
3) bronchus
4) bronchioles
5) alveoli

33
Q

What is the difference between a phagocyte and a lymphocyte

A

Phagocyte: equal responses to all pathogens (always ingest)
Lymphocytes: develop specific immune responses for different pathogens

Biology 101 (9 decks)

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