Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Pt 1 Flashcards
What is the digestive system responsible for in the body
Changing food from insoluble molecules to soluble molecules
where is bile produced
In the liver
what is the role of the small intestine + adaptations
1) Absorption of soluble food molecules
2) Large number of villi to help absorption
Name 2 glands in the digestive system
. Salivary glands
. Pancreas
Where is water absorbed from undigested food to produce faeces
Th large intestine
Give 3 adaptations of the villi to help it absorb digested food
1) large surface area
2) Thin wall (short diffusion path)
3) good blood supply (maintain concentration gradient)
What are all carbohydrates made up of
Units of sugar
What is a complex carbohydrate and give 2 examples
1) long chains of simple sugars
2)
-Starch
-Cellulose
Define simple sugar give an example
1) Short chains of units of sugars (carbohydrate)
2) glucose
What is a complex carbohydrate and give 2 examples
1) long chains of simple sugars
2)
-Starch
-Cellulose
What 2 molecules make up a lipid and how many of each
Fatty acids: 3
Glycerol: 1
How does Biuret reagent react in the presence of proteins
It turns from blue to purple
What chemical is used to test for: A) Starch B) Sugars C) Proteins D) Lipids And what is the reaction
A) Iodine - Yellow/red to blue/black
B) Benedict’s - Blue to red
C) Biuret - Blue to purple
D) Ethanol - Turns cloudy white
Why can certain enzymes only catalyse certain reactions
Because of the shape of their active site
Give the 3 functions of enzymes
1) Build large molecules from many smaller
2) Change one molecule into another
3) Break down large molecules into smaller ones
What is metabolism
the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy
Why does too great of a change in pH denature an enzyme
It affects the force’s holding the proteins together which changes the shape of the active site
What makes digestive enzymes different from regular enzymes
They can work outside of cells
Why does the digestive system break down food molecules into smaller food molecules
It increases the surface area for enzymes to work on
where are digestive enzymes produced
Specialised cells, glands and in the lining of the small intestine
Where is amylase produced
Saliva glands, pancreas and small intestine
Where is protease produced
The stomach, pancreas and small intestine
Where is lipase produced
In the pancreas and small intestine
What pH condition does A)Protease B)Amylase C)Lipase Work best in
A) Acidic (stomach)
B) Alkali (S. Intestine)
C) Alkali (S. Intestine)
