Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Pt 1

Question 1

What is the digestive system responsible for in the body

Answer 1

Changing food from insoluble molecules to soluble molecules

Question 2

where is bile produced

Answer 2

In the liver

Question 3

what is the role of the small intestine + adaptations

Answer 3

1) Absorption of soluble food molecules

2) Large number of villi to help absorption

Question 4

Name 2 glands in the digestive system

Answer 4

. Salivary glands

. Pancreas

Question 5

Where is water absorbed from undigested food to produce faeces

Answer 5

Th large intestine

Question 6

Give 3 adaptations of the villi to help it absorb digested food

Answer 6

1) large surface area
2) Thin wall (short diffusion path)
3) good blood supply (maintain concentration gradient)

Question 7

What are all carbohydrates made up of

Answer 7

Units of sugar

Question 8

What is a complex carbohydrate and give 2 examples

Answer 8

1) long chains of simple sugars
2)
-Starch
-Cellulose

Question 9

Define simple sugar give an example

Answer 9

1) Short chains of units of sugars (carbohydrate)

2) glucose

Question 10

What is a complex carbohydrate and give 2 examples

Answer 10

1) long chains of simple sugars
2)
-Starch
-Cellulose

Question 11

What 2 molecules make up a lipid and how many of each

Answer 11

Fatty acids: 3

Glycerol: 1

Question 12

How does Biuret reagent react in the presence of proteins

Answer 12

It turns from blue to purple

Question 13

What chemical is used to test for:
A) Starch
B) Sugars
C) Proteins
D) Lipids
And what is the reaction

Answer 13

A) Iodine - Yellow/red to blue/black
B) Benedict’s - Blue to red
C) Biuret - Blue to purple
D) Ethanol - Turns cloudy white

Question 14

Why can certain enzymes only catalyse certain reactions

Answer 14

Because of the shape of their active site

Question 15

Give the 3 functions of enzymes

Answer 15

1) Build large molecules from many smaller
2) Change one molecule into another
3) Break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 16

What is metabolism

Answer 16

the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 17

Why does too great of a change in pH denature an enzyme

Answer 17

It affects the force’s holding the proteins together which changes the shape of the active site

Question 18

What makes digestive enzymes different from regular enzymes

Answer 18

They can work outside of cells

Question 19

Why does the digestive system break down food molecules into smaller food molecules

Answer 19

It increases the surface area for enzymes to work on

Question 20

where are digestive enzymes produced

Answer 20

Specialised cells, glands and in the lining of the small intestine

Question 21

Where is amylase produced

Answer 21

Saliva glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 22

Where is protease produced

Answer 22

The stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 23

Where is lipase produced

Answer 23

In the pancreas and small intestine

Question 24

What pH condition does
A)Protease
B)Amylase
C)Lipase
Work best in

Answer 24

A) Acidic (stomach)
B) Alkali (S. Intestine)
C) Alkali (S. Intestine)

Question 25

Give 3 functions of bile

Answer 25

1) Neutralises stomach acids
2) Makes conditions slightly alkaline (S. Intestine)
3) Emulsifies fat

Question 26

How do enzymes relate to metabolism

Answer 26

Enzymes allow us to drive desirable reactions that require energy and increase the rate of metabolism

Question 27

What is the purpose of digestive enzymes

Answer 27

They convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 28

What are the products of digestion used for:
A) simple sugars
B) amino acids
C) glycerol + fatty acids
D) glucose (a simple sugar)

Answer 28

A) building new carbohydrates
B) building new proteins
C) building new lipids
D) respiration

Question 29

Why does bile emulsify fat globules

Answer 29

To increase the surface area which increases the rate of fat breakdown by lipase