Animal tissues Flashcards
Type of tissue
Cuboidal epithelial tissue
Type of tissue
Squamous epithelial tissue
Type of tissue
Columnar epithelial tissue
Type of tissue
Ciliated epithelial tissue
Type of tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium
Type of tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Type of tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Type of tissue
Striated skeletal muscle
Type of tissue
Hyaline cartilage (connective)
Type of tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Type of tissue
Compact bone tissue
Type of tissue
Spongy bone tissue
Type of tissue
nerve tissue
Types of epithelial tissue
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Ciliated
- Stratified (of different types)
Function of squamous epithelium
- Protects underlying tissue
- Permeable to gases and liquids
- revents friction
Function of ciliated epithelium tissue
- Dust trapped in mucus
- Cilia move and expell mucus
- Helps detect stimuli in sense organs
- Cilia move ensuring ovum moves in fallopian tubes
Cells that secrete mucus in epithelial tissue
Goblet cells
Types of connective tissue
- Areolar connective tissue
- Dense connective tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
Structure of areolar connective tissue
- Matrix jelly like
- Yellow elastic fibres
- White inelastic collagen fibres
- Fibroblast cells, leucocutes and fat cells
Functions of areolar connective tissue
- Insulating
- protects organs
- stores fat (adipose/fat tissue)
Types of dense connective tissue
Tendons
Ligaments
Structure of tendons
Lots of white, inelastic fibres
Structure of ligament tissue
Lots of yellow, elastic fibres
Structure of cartilage tissue
- Rubbery matrix
- Fluid filled spaces called lacunae
- Cartilage cells called chondrocytes in the lacunae
- Cartilage tisue enclosed by fibrous membrane called the perichondrium
Functions of cartilage
- Connects bones
- Forms deep joint cavities to prevent dislocation
- Shock absorber between bones
- Prevents friction in joints
- Keeps trachea and other airways open
- Forms flexible permanent structures like the ear and nose
Central canals found in bone tissue
Haversian canals
Matrix composition of bone tissue
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Contained in the haversian canals of bone
- Blood vessels
- nerves
- lymphatic vessels
Concentric layers of bone around a haversian canal
Lamellae
Fluid filled spaces in the lamellae of bone
lacunae
Bone cells in the lacunae are called?
Osteocytes
Small canals connecting the lacunae and diffeent lamellae
Canaliculi
Fibrous membrane enclosing the bone tissue
Periosteum
Functions of bone tissue
- Supporting framework giving shape and rigidity
- Protects delicate organs
- Place of attachment for muscles for movement
- Blood corpuscles manufactured in bone marrow
- Mineral storage (calcium) in bone tissue
Matrix of blood tissue
Blood plasma
Location of blood tissue
Arteries, capillary vessels and veins
Types of blood cells
- Erythrocytes (Red blood corpuscles)
- Leucocytes (White blood cells)
- Thrombocytes (Blood platelets)
Main functions of blood tissue
- Transport nutrients and wastes
- White blood cells for the immune system
Functions of blood plasma
- Transports nutrients and wastes
- Helps to regulate body temperature
- Transports hormones to target organs
- Plasma proteins help to clot blood when required
Functions of erythrocyes (red blood corpuscles)
- Transport oxygen
- Transport carbon dioxide
Effect of atmospheric pressure on red blood cells
- As pressure is decreased, the body produces more red blood cells
- This helps the person get enough oxygen from oxygen depleted air
- This occurs at higher altitudes
Functions of white blood cells
- Engulf pathogens and foreign substances to prevent infection
- Produce antibodies that destroy bacteria and viruses
Function of thrombocytes (blood platelets)
Play a role in blood clotting in damaged blood vessels
Types of muscle tissue
- Striated muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
Location of striated muscle
Attaches to bone for movement of the skeleton (skeletal muscle)
Muscle cells are called?
Muscle fibres
Structure of a muscle fibre
- Sarcolemma (outer membrane)
- Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
- Many oval nuclei
- Many mitochondria
- Thousands of myofibrils
Function of striated muscle tissue
- Voluntary contractions and relaxations
- coordinated body movement
Location of smooth muscle tissue
- Walls of alimentary canal, bladder, blood vessels and uterus
- Not attached to bone
Structure of smooth muscle tissue
- Spindle shaped cells
- One oval nucleus
- Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
- Cell membrane (sarcolemma)
Function of smooth muscle tissue
- Involuntary contraction and relaxation for slow rhythmic movements
- E.g. peristalsis, regulates blood blow in capillaries
