Animal Studies: Lorenz & Harlow UPDATED 24/25

Question 1

“The aim of Lorenz’s research was to measure __________ in goslings”

Answer 1

Imprinting

Question 2

Harlow found that the rhesus monkeys spent more time with the wire mother than the cloth mother - true or false?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Lorenz identified a critical period. How long is this?

Answer 3

12-17 hours after hatching

Question 4

What was Harlow’s sample?

Answer 4

16 rhesus monkeys

Question 5

HOW did Lorenz measure the critical period?

Answer 5

By varying the time between birth and seeing a moving object so he could measure the critical period of imprinting

Question 6

What method did Harlow use?

Answer 6

Lab experiment

Question 7

What method did Lorenz use?

Answer 7

Field

Question 8

In Harlow’s study, both wire and cloth mother provided food - true or false?

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

What was Harlow’s aim?

Answer 9

To investigate whether food or comfort is more important in forming attachments

Question 10

How did Lorenz divide the goose eggs?

Answer 10

Randomly

Question 11

Why did Harlow divide the goose eggs the way he did?

Answer 11

To avoid bias

Question 12

What examples of long term effects were recorded by Harlow?

Answer 12

Sociability and relationships with future relationships

Question 13

Harlow concluded…

Answer 13

Contact comfort is the most important factor when forming an attachment

Question 14

How were the surrogate mothers different in Harlow’s study?

Answer 14

One was made of cloth which provided NO food
The other was made of wire which DID provide food

Question 15

AO3: Why can Lorenz’s research be criticised for bias?

Answer 15

Because he recorded his OWN observations, so may have chosen to include findings that support his theory

Question 16

Harlow found the monkeys spent less time with which mother?

Answer 16

Wire mother

Question 17

Who did the experimental group imprint upon in Lorenz’s study?

Answer 17

Lorenz

Question 18

Who did the control group imprint upon in Lorenz’s study?

Answer 18

Their natural mother (goose)

Question 19

What are 2 conclusions from Lorenz’s study…

Answer 19

1. Goslings imprint on first thing they see
2. There is a specific time period for attachment to take place, otherwise they will not attach

Question 20

Harlow’s study took place in what type of environment?

Answer 20

Controlled / lab setting

Question 21

Lorenz’s study took place in what type of environment?

Answer 21

Natural environment / field experiment

Question 22

AO3: BOTH Lorenz and Harlow can be criticised for what issue?

Answer 22

Animal bias

Question 23

AO3: Lorenz and Harlow can be criticised for animal bias because…

Answer 23

They used samples of ONLY animals - geese / rhesus monkeys

Question 24

AO3: Animal bias is an issue because it means…

Answer 24

We may not be able to extrapolate / generalise findings to humans

Question 25

AO3: Both Lorenz and Harlow's research can be praised for having...

Answer 25

Practical applications

Question 26

Lorenz studied attachment in gosling - true or false

Answer 26

False - Lorenz measured imprinting

Question 27

AO3: Why may Lorenz's research have low internal validity?

Answer 27

As there may be researcher bias as Lorenz recorded his own observations

Question 28

AO3: What 2 reasons may mean Harlow's research has low external validity?

Answer 28

1. Controlled environment - may not be generalisable to real life 2. Animal bias - may not be generalisable to humans as human attachment more complex

Question 29

Harlow found that the rhesus monkeys spent more time with...

Answer 29

Cloth mother

Question 30

AO3: Why may Lorenz's research suffer from poor external validity?

Answer 30

Animal bias

Question 31

Identify the IV in Harlow's research

Answer 31

IV = the surrogate mother; cloth providing no food or wire providing food

Question 32

Identify the DV in Lorenz's research;

Answer 32

DV = imprinting behaviours in geese

Question 33

Identify the IV in Lorenz's research

Answer 33

IV = whether the geese hatched and saw their mother first, or Lorenz

Question 34

Identify the DV in Harlow's research

Answer 34

DV = time spent with each surrogate mother

Question 35

Who conducted a lab experiment into animal attachment?

Answer 35

Harlow

Question 36

AO3: Lorenz recorded his own findings. Why is this an issue?

Answer 36

Bias - lowers the internal validity.

Question 37

AO3: Apart from animal bias, how else can we criticise Harlow's research?

Answer 37

Ethical issues

Question 38

AO3: Why did Harlow's research suffer from ethical issues?

Answer 38

As the rhesus monkeys suffered psychological and emotional harm

Question 39

In what ways did the rhesus monkeys suffer psychological and emotional harm in Harlow's research?

Answer 39

The rhesus monkeys were scared with loud noises, bullied by other monkeys, and found difficulties mating and raising their own offspring

Question 40

AO3: Why may Lorenz's research have high external validity?

Answer 40

As it was a field experiment, taking place in a natural environment