Animal Structure and Function

Question 1

The study of biological form is called:
a) Physiology
b) Anatomy
c) Homeostasis
d) Behavior

Answer 1

b) Anatomy

Question 2

What principle states that an organism’s form is closely linked to its function and environment?

Answer 2

Form follows function

Question 3

Together, anatomy and physiology provide a comprehensive understanding of an animal’s ____ and ____.

Answer 3

form, function

Question 4

TF: Physical constraints like gravity and an organism’s size can influence its form and function.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

How does the body plan of a flatworm differ from that of a roundworm, reflecting adaptations for their environments?

Answer 5

Flatworms have dorsoventral flattening for efficient movement between surfaces, while roundworms have a cylindrical body for burrowing through soil.

Question 6

What is the term for an organism with a radial body plan, where parts are arranged around a central axis?

Answer 6

Radially symmetrical

Question 7

Bilateral symmetry is advantageous for animals that exhibit:
a) Sessile lifestyles
b) Directional movement
c) Radial feeding strategies
d) Asexual reproduction

Answer 7

b) Directional movement

Question 8

Complex animals often have a hierarchical organization, with cells forming tissues, tissues forming ____, and organs working together in ____ systems.

Answer 8

organs, organ

Question 9

The basic unit of life that carries out all vital functions is the:

Answer 9

Cell

Question 10

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function is called a:
a) Tissue
b) System
c) Gastrula
d) Blastocyst

Answer 10

a) Tissue

Question 11

A collection of different tissues that cooperate to perform a complex function is an ____.

Answer 11

organ

Question 12

TF: Organ systems, like the circulatory system, are composed of multiple organs working together.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Explain the concept of emergence in the context of biological organization. How does the function of an organ system differ from the sum of its individual organs?

Answer 13

Emergence refers to the creation of new properties that arise from the interaction of simpler components. An organ system exhibits a function that is more complex and cannot be predicted solely by the functions of its individual organs.

Question 14

What is the highest level of organization in multicellular animals, where organ systems work together to maintain the organism’s life?

Answer 14

Organismal level

Question 15

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external changes. Which of the following is NOT directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?
a) Nervous system
b) Endocrine system
c) Circulatory system
d) Excretory system

Answer 15

d) Excretory system - While excretion plays a role in waste removal, it’s not directly involved in regulating internal conditions like temperature or blood sugar

Question 16

Negative feedback mechanisms are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Explain how this works using the example of body temperature regulation.

Answer 16

When body temperature rises above a set point, mechanisms like sweating kick in to bring it back down. This creates a negative feedback loop that restores homeostasis.

Question 17

What is the term for an organism with a bilateral body plan, where the right and left sides are mirror images?

Answer 17

Bilaterally symmetrical

Question 18

Cephalization, the concentration of sensory and nerve structures at the anterior end, is an adaptation for:
a) Sessile attachment
b) Enhanced directional movement and sensory perception
c) Radial feeding
d) Internal fertilization

Answer 18

b) Enhanced directional movement and sensory perception

Question 19

TF: Increased body size and complexity generally require more elaborate organ systems to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How do the concepts of surface area to volume ratio and metabolic rate affect body size limitations in animals?

Answer 20

As size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it harder to dissipate heat

Question 21

What fluid-filled cavity in the body contains organs of the digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems?

Answer 21

Coelom

Question 22

The endoskeleton is an internal framework that provides:
a) Insulation only
b) Support and protection
c) Movement only
d) Neither support nor movement

Answer 22

b) Support and protection

Question 23

Invertebrates often have an exoskeleton made of ____, while vertebrates have an endoskeleton composed primarily of ____.

Answer 23

chitin, bone

Question 24

TF: Muscles are attached to bones by ligaments, which are flexible connective tissues.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Compare and contrast hydrostatic skeletons and hydrostatic muscles in the context of invertebrate body support and movement.

Answer 25

Hydrostatic skeletons use fluid pressure within a closed compartment to provide support. Hydrostatic muscles contract against the fluid-filled body cavity to generate movement.

Question 26

What type of cartilage allows for some degree of movement at joints?

Answer 26

Fibrocartilage

Question 27

Flagella and cilia are hair-like structures used for:
a) Gas exchange
b) Locomotion and movement of fluids
c) Sensory reception
d) Muscle contraction

Answer 27

b) Locomotion and movement of fluids

Question 28

Muscles are classified into three main types: skeletal, smooth, and _____.

Answer 28

cardiac

Question 29

TF: Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles under conscious control, while smooth muscles are involuntary and found in organs like the digestive system.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Explain the mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction, involving the roles of actin, myosin, and ATP.

Answer 30

Muscle contraction occurs when myosin filaments slide past actin filaments using energy from ATP. This process is triggered by signals from the nervous system.

Question 31

What is the term for a joint where two bones meet and allow for a wide range of movement?

Answer 31

Synovial joint

Question 32

Ligaments and tendons are both fibrous connective tissues, but they differ in function. Ligaments connect bones to:
a) Muscles
b) Other bones
c) Nerves
d) Organs

Answer 32

a) Muscles

Question 33

The nervous system is responsible for?

Answer 33

Rapid communication, coordination of body functions, and behavioral responses

Question 34

Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system. What is the long, slender fiber that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body?
a) Dendrite
b) Soma
c) Axon

Answer 34

c) axon

Question 35

The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called ____ to regulate various physiological processes.

Answer 35

hormones

Question 36

TF: The nervous system and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis through a complex network of communication.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

How do the nervous system and endocrine system differ in their speed and duration of action when regulating body functions?

Answer 37

The nervous system acts rapidly through electrical signals for immediate responses. The endocrine system uses hormones that travel through the bloodstream, leading to slower but more long-lasting effects.