Animal responses

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

Largest part of the brain involved in vision, hearing, learning and thinking. Divided into two halves called cerebral hemispheres and has a thin outer layer called the cerebral cortex.

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Part of the brain which automatically maintains body temperature at the normal level. Also produces hormones which control the pituitary gland

Question 3

Medulla oblongata

Answer 3

Part of the brain which automatically controls breathing and heart rate

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Part of the brain which is important for muscle coordination, posture and coordination of balance

Question 5

Pituitary gland

Answer 5

part of the brain found beneath the hypothalamus. Releases hormones and stimulates other glands

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Part of the autonomic nervous system which gets the body ready for action. the ‘fight or flight’ system

Question 7

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

part of the peripheral nervous system which controls unconscious activities

Question 8

peripheral nervous system

Answer 8

part of the nervous system which connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 9

somatic nervous system

Answer 9

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls conscious activities

Question 10

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Network of internal membranes running through the sarcoplasm which store and release calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

Question 11

Sarcomere

Answer 11

a unit of overlapping myosin and actin filaments which make up a myofibril

Question 12

Myofibril

Answer 12

a long, cylindrical organelle within a muscle fibre which is specialised for contraction

Question 13

Myosin filament

Answer 13

Has a globular head which is hinged to allow movement back and forth. Each myosin head has a binding site for actin and one or ATP

Question 14

Actin filament

Answer 14

Have binding sites for myosin heads called actin-myosin binding cites. The proteins troponin and tropomyosin found between the actin filaments

Question 15

tropomyosin

Answer 15

Protein bound to troponin which can block off the actin-myosin binding site

Question 16

troponin

Answer 16

Protein bound to tropomyosin which can change shape with the addition or removal of Ca2+ ions causing tropomyosin to move, blocking or unblocking the actin-myosin binding cite