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PMCOL 343 > animal models-1 > Flashcards

animal models-1 Flashcards

1
Q

what did descartes think of animals

A

that their behaviour can be reduced to simple reflex actions

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2
Q

who thought of “automate”

A

animal behaviours can be reduced to simple reflex actions

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3
Q

did descartes compare animals to humans

A

no

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4
Q

what did descartes think of humans (2)

A

we are gods creations

we are superior

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5
Q

what is scala naturae

A

the great chain of being, continuum from “lower” forms of matter to “higher” forms of matter (plants-cold blooded-lower forms of life-animals-man-spiritual world)

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6
Q

rest in peace banana frog

A

ded today

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7
Q

what does religion say about scala naturae

A

that is doesnt exist, we are diff to animal kingdom

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8
Q

which 2 people thought of the theory of evolution and natural section

A

charles darwin and alfred wallace

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9
Q

what did darwin think of huamns

A

that they descended from animals

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10
Q

what did darwin think about habits

A

they habits are learned, not inherited

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11
Q

what did darwin think about instincts

A

that you inherit them, not learn

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12
Q

did descartes think that animals have minds

A

no

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13
Q

what did sir charles sherrington think

A

animals act without mind, no evidenced of thought, feeling or perception

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14
Q

what did Wundt think

A

basic sensation such as fear may parallel human basic sensations

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15
Q

what did Holmes think

A

basic sensation such as fear may parallel human basic sensations

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16
Q

what did pavlov discover

A

that animals can have perception, memory and organized thought (dog experiments)

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17
Q

what is associated with the ability to have emotions

A

the ability to have abstract thought

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18
Q

what does an animal model represent

A

an attempt by the experimenter to imitate certain aspects of a clinical condition

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19
Q

what is McKinney’s 4 criteria for validating animal models???!!!

A
  1. similarity of inducing condition
  2. similarity of the behavioural state induced
  3. similarity of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms
  4. similarity of clinically effective treatments
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20
Q

what does the “similarity of inducing condition” mean in McKinneys 4 criteria

A

that they administer morphine (for example) to get tolerance and addiction like humans, they make the same inducing conditions

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21
Q

what does the “similarity of the behavioural state induced” mean in McKinneys 4 criteria

A

you want to make sure you see similar behaviours with the animal compared to human (like pain, or addiction)

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22
Q

what does the “ similarity of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms” mean in McKinneys 4 criteria

A

that there is a similar neurochemistry between the animal and human, like in withdrawal

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23
Q

what does the “similarity of clinically effective treatments” mean in McKinneys 4 criteria

A

that drugs that help humans also help animals

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24
Q

what 3 things drive rats’ behaviour

A

hunger thirst and the need to breed

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25
Q

what breed of rat did the lab rat come from

A

the Wild Norway Rat - came to north america in ships

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26
Q

what did they do with albino rats in the old days

A

trap them, bred in captivity for novelty and kept for bets

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27
Q

what is the vision of the wistar rat

A

bad

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28
Q

what were the first laboratory rats

A

the “pet” albino rats in european labs, then they were brough to USA for testing, became WISTAR

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29
Q

what is the Long-Evans strain of rats

A

female Wistars mated with wild male

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30
Q

does the long-evans have good vision

A

yes

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31
Q

what is the hooded rat

A

albino and wild rat cross

32
Q

does the hooded rat have good vision

A

yes

33
Q

what is the Sprague-Dawley rat

A

mated hooded rat to a female wistar

34
Q

does the sprague-dawley rat of good vision

A

no

35
Q

which rat is the one most commonly used today

A

sprague-dawley

36
Q

which strains are good for behavioural experiments and why

A

long evans and hooded because they have good eyesight

37
Q

what are 3 kinds of primates

A

rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, marsomets

38
Q

what are rhesus monkeys like for research

A

curious manipulative and high cognitive skills-but dangerous

39
Q

what are chimpanzees like for research

A

highly intelligent, not allowed to be used anymore

40
Q

what are marsomets like for research

A

small and easy to train for minor tasks

41
Q

what is the independent variable

A

the variable being manipulated

42
Q

which variable is the amount of drug/type

A

manipulated/independent variable

43
Q

do all wistar rats do the same thing

A

no

44
Q

what is another name for the independent variable

A

manipulated variable

45
Q

what is another name for the manipulated variable

A

independent variable

46
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

the observed event (what can be measured)

47
Q

what is a double-blind study for human trials

A

when neither the subjects nor researchers know what conditions the subjects are in, or the drug administered

48
Q

what 2 things does a double-blind study reduce

A

placebo effect and bias (subject and experimental bias)

49
Q

does a double-blind study eliminate subject and experimenter bias

A

no but it reduces it

50
Q

what are the 3 groups in the 3 group design

A

1-experimental drug being tested
2-placebo/vehicle control
3-established drug with a known therapeutic effect

51
Q

what question do you ask when you compare the experimental drug vs. placebo

A

does the new drug cause any improvement?

52
Q

what question do you ask when you compare the established drug s. placebo

A

were the research methods sensitive enough to detect improvement?

53
Q

what question do you ask when you compare the experimental drug vs. established drug

A

does the new drug have any advantage over the old drug?

54
Q

what is unconditioned behaviour

A

the unlearned behaviour, reflexes

55
Q

what is conditioned behaviour (2 main types with other names too)

A

respondent/classical/pavlovian

operant/instrumental

56
Q

what is another name for respondent behaviour (2)

A

classical

pavlovian

57
Q

what is another name for pavlovian behaviour (2)

A

classical

respondent

58
Q

what is another name for classical behaviour (2)

A

pavlovian

respondent

59
Q

what is another name for operant behaviour

A

instrumental

60
Q

what is another name for instrumental behaviour

A

operant

61
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the unconditioned stimulus

A

food

62
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the unconditioned response

A

salivation

63
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the conditioned stimulus

A

bell

64
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the conditioned response

A

salivation

65
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the food

A

unconditioned stimulus

66
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the bell

A

conditioned stimulus

67
Q

which pavlovs dog, what is the salivation

A

unconditioned and conditioned response

68
Q

what kind of chamber is the Skinner box

A

operant conditioning chamber

69
Q

how does the skinner box get the desired response from the animal

A

they deliver reinforcers

70
Q

which behaviour does the skinner box reinfoce

A

behaviour that is close to the target behaviour

71
Q

which behaviour does the skinner box punish

A

wrong response

72
Q

what kind of conditioned behaviour does the skinner box do

A

operant

73
Q

what does the likelihood of a behaviour recurring depend on in the skinner box

A

whether its being reinforced or punished

74
Q

what is reinforcement

A

things that strenghten the response or makes it more likely that it will occur

75
Q

what is punishment

A

something that weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur

76
Q

what are 4 basic principles of the skinner box

A
  • rats can be trained
  • reinforcers can be + (food)
  • reinforcers can be - (shock)
  • rats can discriminate cues (light, smells)

PMCOL 343 (31 decks)

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