Animal Disease Traceability Flashcards
define animal disease traceability
- knowing the location of where disease or at-risk animals are, where they have been, and when they were there allows for a rapid response when an animal disease event takes place
- when a disease outbreak occurs, animal health officials need to know:
-which animals are involved in the outbreak
-where the infected animals are currently located
-what other animals might have been exposed to the disease
why is animal disease traceability important?
- ADT does NOT prevent disease
-is a system in place for an animal disease event - a strong traceability system allows for a more efficient and accurate disease investigation
-reduces number of premises involved
-reduced the number of animals involved
-significantly reduces response time - helps to reduce the impact an animal disease has on our industry
describe traceability for livestock moving interstate
- must be officially ID’d and accompanied by an interstate certificate of veterinary inspection (ICVI) or other approved document
- includes: cattle/bison, horses/equine species, poultry, sheep/goats, swine, captive cervids
why use official ID?
- give a unique animal identification number
- tamper proof
-removal of an official ID tag is prohibited! - come with a US shield
- methods defined by species:
-ear tags most common (NUES/national uniform eartagging system); cannot use for bison though due to recent rule change
–if 9 characters, begins with 57 in georgia
–if 8 cahracters
-AIN (animal ID number):
–RFID (numeric), 15 digits, typically begins with 840
–must be visually and electronically readable as of November 5th 2024 so metal tags (NUES9) are no longer considered official ID for cattle/bison
–but if tag applied before november 5th is considered valid for the life of that animal
-flock based number (at the top of the tag, individual animal number at the bottom of tag (alphanumeric)
-location based number (alphanumeric); premises ID at top, but unique ID for animal at bottom
why are regulations important with animal movement?
- protect the health of animals
- reduce/stop disease spread
- provide traces of movement
- protect export markets and maintain international trade
what is the veterinarian’s role in ADT?
accredited veterinarians facilitate interstate and international movement by:
- advising owners
- identifying animals
- performing exams and administering vaccines
- collecting sample required for labwork
- properly completing health certificates
describe interstate movement requirements (federal (2) and state (3))
health requirements vary by state!!
federal requirements:
1. health and fitness to travel
2. traceability/ID of animals
state entry requirements:
1. differ by state
2. must meet the requirements of the state of destination
3. check the requirements with the SAHO of destination state
electronic platforms for CVIs for interstate and intrastate movement only! State vet loves for us to use these!
describe international movement
- entry requirements cary by country, depending on:
-disease status
-political and economic
-trade agreements - consult with local USDA VS office for international movements of any species
- collaboration:
-accredited veterinarian: examines and tests animals and completes certificate
-federal veterinarian: performs final inspection and endorses certificate
-approved laboratories: tests samples and reports results
- veterinary export health certification system:
-USDA online system that allows you to complete health certificates for certain countries online
-submit to local VS office for review and endorsement
describe importing animals into the USA
regulated by several US agencies
- public health (CDC): non-human primates, dogs, cats, turtles, and reptiles
- US dept of fish and wildlife: rare or endangered animals
- USDA: livestock, poultry, and related species
sources of info:
-USDA AVIC
-SAHO
-veterinary officials in the country
-APHIS website
-NVAP website
-interstate regulations
what information do CVIs generally require?
- consignor
- consignee
- issue date and inspection date
- official ID/description
- tests/vaccination/treatments
- certification statement(s)
- signature: original ink or digital
definitions:
-origin: physical location of where animal is being moved from
-consignor: name and physical address of current animal owner
-destination: name and physical address of where animal is moving
-consignee: name and physical address of who is receiving the animal
-inspection date: date that animals were personally observed
-issue date: date that CVI is being issued and signed, cannot issue or sign within 10 days prior to personally observing the animal!!
who can complete and sign a CVI?
a paraprofessional can fill out the info but
a VET must sign it
describe some common mistakes on CVIs
- nonpayments for international health certificates
- no signature
- outdated info
- not following proper timeframes
- improper official ID of animal
- improper test or vaccination entry
- no import permit
describe placement of an ear tag
- inner 1/3 of ear best for tag retention
-but federal regulations do not specify specific ear placement for EID ear tags - official calfhood brucellosis vaccination (OCV): right ear gets tattooed so the official EID ear tag is recommended to be placed in the left ear
-if placed in the right ear, try not to cover the tattoo - white EID ear tags: no preference for placement
describe the benefits of RFID technology
- increases speed in which animal ID can be traced in the event of disease outbreak
- increases accuracy and reliability
- scanning EID tags minimized human error
- animal can be more quickly ID’d in a chute
describe the basic components of an RFID system
- transponder on the animal (RFID ear tag)
- reader and antenna (RFID reader; handheld or fixed)
-readers have the capability of:
–reading and storing EID tag numbers
–exporting EID tag numbers to an excel spreadsheet: uploaded tag numbers can then be transferred to an electronic certificate of veterinary inspection
–direct scanning to excel spreadsheets, pdfs, etc.
–do not need wifi or cell service to operate a wand - data accumulator with software; laptop or scale head
- spreadsheet of data
