Animal Cell Parts Flashcards
most animals cells are roundish or irregular in shape.
shape
the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The ———— is
semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
cell membrane
during cell division in animal cells, two pairs of ——- form from microtubules at each end of the cell. The two ——- are arranged perpendicular to each other. Microtubules formed in the ——– grow into spindle fibers which then attach to replicated chromosomes and assist in separating them during mitosis.
centrioles
the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
cytoplasm
a flattened, layered, sac-like
organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. The ——- modifies, processes and packages proteins, lipids and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for “export” from the cell.
golgi body (also called the golgi apparatus or golgi complex)
vesicles containing digestive enzymes. Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
lysosomes
spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane
is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The ———– converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a high energy molecule, for use by
the cell.
Mitochondrion
the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nuclear membrane
an organelle within the nucleus. Ribosomal RNA is produced here, then exported into the cytoplasm where it forms the ribosomes.
Nucleolus
The ——– is a spherical body surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains mostly DNA in chromosomes. The ——– controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis). The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.
Nucleus
small organelles composed of RNA. Are sites of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm (the —– is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). ——– is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. ——— transport materials and produces proteins (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
rough endoplasmic reticulum - (rough ER)
a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm (the —- is continuous with the
outer nuclear membrane). It produces lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; ———- buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body for further processing and to the membranes.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - (smooth ER)
- fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The ——- fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. Smaller than plant cell ——–.
vacuole
a small, membrane-bound space that helps to transport material in/out or within the cell. Some are storage vessels. eg. proteins produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported
by ———- produced at the tips of the rough ER, to the golgi body, for processing.
vesicle
