Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Assessment > Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Animal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

The study of how animals move in their environment, how they interact socially, how they learn about their environment, and how an animal might achieve cognitive understanding of its environment

A

Animal behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Importance/significance of studying animal behavior

A

For early detection of sick animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Importance/significance of studying animal behavior

A

A factor in obtaining maximum production and efficiency in breeding, feeding, and management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Reflexes and responses) what the animal has at birth (example: nursing and searching for food)

A

Instinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Learning to respond without thinking, response to certain stimulus is established as a result of habituation

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Learning to respond in a particular way to stimulus as a result of reinforcement when the proper response is made.

-reward and punishment

A

Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A reward for making the proper response

-reward

A

Reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ability to respond correctly to a stimulus the first time that a new situation is presented

A

Reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ability to learn to adjust successfully to certain situations. Both short-term and long term memory are part of intelligence.

-present in higher animals like apes

A

Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genes

A

Innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Shaped by natural selection
-developed through experience
-survival of the fittest

A

Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Many behaviors directly increase an organism’s fitness, that is, they help it survive and reproduce

A

Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 questions to understand a behavior

A
  1. Causation ( what causes the behavior?)
  2. Development (how does the behavior develop?)
  3. Function/ adaptive value (how does the behavior affect fitness)
  4. Phylogeny (how did the behavior evolve?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For example sa zebra finches ang nagcocause ng behavior nilang magkanta ay ang appearance ng female tapos ang hormones nila

A

Causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nadevelop nila ang pag-sing from their dads and other finches from their surroundings

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example nito is need nila na magcreate ng melodies para lalong dumami or magprocreate

A

Function / adaptive value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How nag-evolve ang behavior

A

Phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cues that trigger behavior

A
  1. External, example neto is ang migration
  2. Internal, example neto is ang circadian rhythm
  3. Combination, example neto is ung mating behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-A behavior in which animals move from one location to another in a seasonal pattern
-Environmental cues that trigger the autumn migration include air temperature, day length, and food availability

A

Migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Example: may jetlag ka nung lumipat ng ibang place, kahit may sun if nasanay ang body clock mo na matulog within sa mga oras na yon matutulog ka

A

Circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Example: mating behaviors may be triggered in an animal only when it’s in the right hormonal state, an internal cue, and when it sees a member of the opposite sex, an external cue

A

Combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are genetically hardwired and are inherited by an organism from its parents

A

Innate behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-Are not inherited, they develop during an organism’s lifetime as the result of experience and environmental influence
-acquired from experiences

A

Learned behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-There are some examples of behaviors that are really and truly hardwired. These behaviors take place in a highly predictable way in response to the right stimulus, even if the organisms has never before encountered that stimulus
-Eating of placenta (survival instinct)

A

Mostly innate behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An organism is genetically programmed to develop a behavior, but the form the behavior takes depends on the individual’s experience

A

Partly innate, partly learned behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-In other cases, behaviors are largely dependent on experience-they’re learned-and can’t be fully explained by genetic programming
-example: sa cattle, may electric fence tas pag na-ground syempre mafifeel nila kaya iiwasan na nila na magtouch sa fence doon

A

Mostly-learned behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Causes of Behavioral Responses in Animal

A

-Result of 3 interacting forces
1. Heredity (genetics)-breed
2. Learning Experiences
3. Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

certain strains/breeds within a species have been selected on a genetic basis and then trained for a specific behavioral response
E.g:
horses-excellent for trotting, pacing, or draft
terriers-for fighting at the slightest provocation
beagles-for hunting and run in packs with little fighting

A

Internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A. Can affect the growth and development of many parts
e.g: sensory/motor growth
B. Genes are responsible for production of various enzymes, hormones, and other chemical substances in the body
e.g: chicken undergoes sex reversal depending on the hormones in the blood stream

A

Produces behavioral response in several ways:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of learning behavior

A

A. Habituation
B. Imprinting
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant conditioning
E. Insight learning (reasoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

-Simplest type of learning
-means by which animal learns to ignore certain stimulus
-an animal gradually stops responding to a repeated stimulus
-form of non-associative learning meaning that the stimulus is not linked with reward and punishment

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a simple and highly specific type of learning that occurs at a particular age or life stage during the development of certain animals such as ducks and geese
-example neto is sa ducks where yung unang makita niyang gumalaw within hatching, siya na yung irerecognize niyang parent or un ang susundan niya

A

Imprinting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

born in an immature and helpless condition, requiring care for some time after birth

A

Altricial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

examples of altricial

A

parrots, pelicans, and songbirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

capable of movement and self-sufficiency soon after birth

A

Precocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

examples of precocial

A

chicken, duck, and rhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

-a response already associated with one stimulus is associated with a second stimulus to which it had no previous connection
-example is the pavlov’s dog experiment where ang 1st stimulus ay food at 2nd stimulus ay ang bell so in the experiment kinonnect ang pagdrool sa food and bell ng dog

A

Classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

-more on trial and error
-more on giving a reward or punishment
-a bit different than classical conditioning in that it does not rely on an existing stimulus-response pair. Instead, whenever an organism performs a behavios-or an intermediate step on the way to the complete behavior-it is given a reward or punishment
-example neto is yung mouse in a box with buttons na pag naclick ang tama is bibigay ng food tas pag nalampas sa grid na electric magground ang mouse

A

Operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

-most prevalent on higher animals
-ability to respond correctly the first time animal encounters a certain situation
-example neto is ang chimpanzee in a room na may banana and boxes tas nakuha nila ang banana with the help of stacking the boxes

A

Insight Learning (reasoning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

-ability of animals to learn to adjust successfully to certain situation
-sometimes defines as the organization of behavior(ability to learn from experience and to solve problem)
-varies greatly among individual within species as well as species
-mammals to be most intelligent of all animals

A

Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Primates-like apes, monkeys, and chimpanzees
Carnivores-predator
Ungulate(grazing animal)-prey

A

From most intelligent to least

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

-internal state of an animal which causes the immediate behavioral response
-drives or tendencies to respond in a particular manner
-e.g: hunger, thirst, elimination, sex, pain

A

Motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hypothalamus and Endocrine Glands

A

Organs involved in Motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

controls many types of behavior
-has inhibitory or stimulating center

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

-especially sexual activities(anterior pituitary gland)
-ovulation, onset of puberty, and normal cycle in female

A

Endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

-when one animal transmits information to another animal causing some kind of change in the animal that gets the information
-usually between animals of a single species, but it can also happen between2 animals of different species
-can help animals find mates, establish dominance, defend territory, coordinate group behavior, and care for young

A

Communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Methods of animal communication

A
  1. auditory signals/sound
  2. pheromones/chemicals
  3. visual signs/displays
  4. tactile signals/touch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

particularly important in birds, who use sounds to convey warnings, attract mates, defend territories, and coordinate group behaviors. Some birds also produce birdsong, vocalizations that are relatively long and tend to be similar among the members of a species

A

auditory signals/ sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

example of animals na nagamit auditory signals

A

frogs-males pag naulan super ingay
ocean mammals-echolocation, soundwaves

50
Q

secreted chemical signal used to trigger a response in another individual of the same species. Pheromones are especially common among social insects, such as ants and bees. Pheromones may attract the opposite sex, raise an alarm, mark a food trail, or trigger other, more complex behaviors

A

Pheromones/Chemicals

51
Q

example of animals na nagamit pheromones or chemicals

A

-livestock animals & companion animals
-dog-naihi sa post to mark their territories
-stallion-their feces nagmamark din for territory
-ants-food trail, para sundan ng ibang ants
-dogs-sniffing other dogs

52
Q

-bird important in the act of courtship
-less evident among farm animals but do occur
-involves signals that can be seen. Examples of signals include gestures, facial expression, body postures and coloration

A

Visual signals/displays

53
Q

widely used visual signals, example: chimpanzees communicate a threat by raising their arms, slapping the ground, or staring directly at another chimpanzee. Gesture and posture are commonly used in mating rituals and may place other signals-such as bright coloring-on display

A

Gesture and posture

54
Q

examples of animals na nagamit visual signals and displays

A

peacocks-maganda feathers
dogs-their hair to rise on hackles
chimpanzee-facial expression

55
Q

-more limited in range thatn the other types of signals, as 2 organisms must be right next to each other to touch
-fairly common in insects

A

Tactile signals/ touch

56
Q

example of animals na nagamit tactile signals or touch

A

-new born puppies need nila magtouch sa mother to make dede sa mammary gland ng mama

57
Q

visual animals

A

fireflies-glow, peacocks-elaborate tails, cobra-inflate their hood

58
Q

auditory animals

A

elephants-trunks
male whales-their songs
wolves-howl

59
Q

tactile animals

A

dogs-lick their pups
baboons-touch to show affection & groom each other
horses-kick other horses to establish dominance

60
Q

chemical animals

A

cats-rub against objects to mark them with scents
ants-use pheromone trails to follow each other
skunks-signature smell to deter predators

61
Q

What is communication used for?

A
  1. obtaining mates
  2. establishing dominance or defending territory
  3. coordinating group behaviors
  4. caring for young
62
Q

Types of animal behavior

A
  1. ingestive behavior
  2. elimination behavior
  3. shelter seeking behavior
  4. agonistic (combat) behavior
  5. mother young behavior
  6. investigative (explanatory) behavior
  7. gregarious behavior
  8. allelomimetic behavior
  9. sexual behavior
63
Q

-eating and drinking behavior
-suckling is the first ingestive behavior trait common to all neonate

A

Ingestive behavior

64
Q

-have teeth in upper and lower jaw
-bite off grass or take a mouthful of grain, chew and then swallow

A

swine and horses

65
Q

no upper incisors, wrap their tongues around a bunch of grass and then jerking the bunch forward so that it is cut off by the lower teeth

A

Cows

66
Q

graze similarly to cattle but have a cleft upper lip that allows them to graze more closely to the ground

A

sheep

67
Q

graze similarly to cattle and sheep but excellent browser often feeding upon shoots of shrubs and trees

A

goats

68
Q

in cow, sheep, goats and other ruminants, once the food is swallowed, it is regurgitated, chewed thoroughly and then reswallowed once more know as __________

A

rumination

69
Q

-graze 4-9 hours per day
-ruminate 4-9 hours a day
-regurgitate 300-400 boluses of feed per day

A

Cattle

70
Q

-graze 9-11 hours per day
-ruminate 7-10 hours a day
-ruminate 400-600 boluses of feed per day

A

Sheep and goats

71
Q

usually don’t go more than 3 miles away from water

A

Cattle

72
Q

may travel as much as 8 miles a day

A

sheep

73
Q

give importance to proper pasture and range management

A

grazing habits of farm animals

74
Q

Grazing habits

A

-Continuous grazing
-Rotational grazing
-Intensive Rotational grazing

75
Q

-born with inherent tendency to root
-naghuhukay with nose
-root less if fed a well-balanced ration and good mineral supplement
-fed a ration rich in meat scraps or tankage, they are less likely to eat more protein than needed

A

Swine

76
Q

is limited(no digestive system designed to handle forage), but can utilize a limit amount of tender, low fiber forage

A

Grazing in poultry

77
Q

-elimination of feces and urine
-important in improving animal building design and give a big asset in handling manure
-tends to follow the general pattern of their wild ancestor but can be influenced by the method of management

A

Elimination Behavior

78
Q

-cattle deposit their feces in a random manner
-can defecate while walking(scattered feces)
-standing, neat file feces
-urinate in a random fashion while standing

A

Cattle elimination behavior

79
Q

-sheep eliminates similar to cattle
-ewes squat position when urinating

A

Sheep/ Ewes elimination behavior

80
Q

-usually deposit their feces in a corner of the pen, away from the sleeping quarters.
-keep their beds and nest clean and dry, and free from feces and urine
-usually deposit their excreta near the source of drinking water

A

Swine elimination behavior

81
Q

tend to deposit their feces in a certain location and will often return to that location

A

Horses elimination behavior

82
Q

deposits their excreta at random, except for the usual heavy deposition under roosting places at night

A

chicken elimination behavior

83
Q

bury their feces and urine

A

Cats elimination behavior

84
Q

-tends to deposit them at particular location (scent post)
-sniffing, selection of upright vertical targets, and lifting by male adult dogs at time of urination have been shown to be a secondary sex characteristic under hormonal influence

A

Dogs elimination behavior

85
Q

an attempt to avoid injury from the sun, wind, rain, predators, and/or insect

A

Shelter seeking behavior

86
Q

-seek shade in the heat of summer, often congregate around a water source

A

Cow shelter seeking behavior

87
Q

-seek shade in hot weather to avoid direct rays of the sun(no efficient internal cooling system or di nagpapawis gaya ng horse and human)
-wallow in water to keep cool
-pant rapidly when exposed to sun and often utter grunts or sounds of distress

A

Swine shelter seeking behavior

88
Q

turns their back to the storm and often drift in the opposite direction to protect their face and eye

A

Cattle, horses, and sheep shelter seeking behavior

89
Q

-not very sensitive to either heat or cold
-nagpapawis like us tapos efficient ang internal cooling system

A

Horse shelter seeking behavior

90
Q

is the only animal that face the storms head on

A

Bison

91
Q

-includes “fight or flight” and aggressive and passive behaviors between animals
-includes interactions with other animals, humans and behavior during handling and restraint
-males of all farm animals fight when they meet other unfamiliar males of the same species

A

Agonistic (combat) behavior

92
Q

develop a pecking order, but fight less intensely than males

A

Cows, sows and mares agonistic (combat) behavior

93
Q

withdraw from the herd to a secluded spot just before calving

A

Cows

94
Q

Castrated males are usually quite passive it involves:

A

-defense(submission)
-offense(aggression)
-escape
-passive activity

bringing together of sexually mature strange males of the same species always result in a fight

95
Q

care-giving and care seeking behavior

A

Mother young behavior

96
Q

confined to females among domestic animals

A

Caregiving

97
Q

-normal for young animals
-begins shortly before birth and extends until the young is weaned

A

Care seeking

98
Q

-after the young is born, the mother closely inspects the calf, licking it so that the hair coat is clean and shiny
-mother cow is very possessive with her young throughout the nursing period
-apparently locate their young by smell and sight

A

Cow mother and young behavior

99
Q

-noisiest times in the farm or ranch
-calves and mother bawl (often in unison) almost continuously for 2-3 days before they again become quiet

A

Weaning time

100
Q

-builds nest one to two days before farrowing
-very protective of their young and defend them when they squeal
-defensive behavior is much more evident
-continues to care until the litters are weaned

A

Sow mother young behavior

101
Q

accept piglets from another litter if the foster pigs are placed first/two days after they have been farrowed

A

Sows

102
Q

baby pigs nurse at interval of ___ hours: each has located a teat after first few days

A

1 or 2 hours

103
Q

Rear teats means less function so it results to a

A

runt pig

104
Q

-new born lamb is licked, removing the moisture and placental membrane
-suckling position of lamb is usually standing
-has a strong protective behavior

A

Ewe mother young behavior

105
Q

-neigh or whinny (mare calling her colt)

A

mare mother young behavior

106
Q

-broodiness (an inclination to sit on eggs) is inherited characteristics
-related to the secretion rate of and/or the response of prolactin
-foraging for food, will cluck to their chicks and call them each time a choice is found
-hover their chicks by covering them with their wings and nestling them close to their bodies for protection
-emits a loud cry to warn her chicks and other of the flock of imminent danger

A

hens mother young behavior

107
Q

-curious and have a tendency to explore their environment through seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and touching

A

Investigative (explanatory) behavior

108
Q

are highly curious, investigate any strange object, approach carefully, slowly, sniffing and looking as they approach

A

Pigs, horses and dairy goats

109
Q

less curious and more timid

A

Sheep

110
Q

-refers to the flocking or herding instinct of certain species
-pag-ggroup group or pagsasama-sama

A

Gregarious Behavior

111
Q

Advantages of Gregarious Behavior

A

a. detecting the enemy and protecting themselves
b. obtaining food
c. easily identified if there is any missing and sick individual

112
Q

-mutual mimicking behavior
-animals of a species to do the same thing at the same time

A

Allelomimetic Behavior

113
Q

tend to graze at the same time and rest and ruminate at the same time

A

Cattle and sheep

114
Q

gather at the watering place about the same time each day because one follows the other

A

Range cattle

115
Q

-useful in implementing breed programs

A

Sexual Behavior

116
Q

allow themselves to be mounted by others

A

Cows that are in heat

117
Q

smell the vagina and urine to detect pheromones

A

Bulls, rams and stallions

118
Q

male animal lifts head and curls its upper lip

A

Flehmen

119
Q

chase ewes that are coming into heat
(male ang naghahanap ng mate)

A

Rams

120
Q

seek out boars for mating
(babae ang nahanap ng mate)

A

Sows

121
Q

in heat squat and urinate when stallion approaches and vulva winks

A

Mares

122
Q

Inhibit the ability to do other

A

instinct

3rd Assessment (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions