animal behavior

Question 1

external stimulus

Answer 1

e.g. changes in
temperature, changes in light intensity, sight of a predator

Question 2

internal stimulus

Answer 2

e.g. hunger, thirst, changes in
hormone levels

Question 3

mixture of internal and external stimulus

Answer 3

e.g. mating behavior

Question 4

innate behavior

Answer 4

– inborn, hereditary
reflexes, taxes, instincts, fixed action patterns (FAP)

Question 5

learned behavior

Answer 5

depends on experience
imprinting, habituation, conditioning

Question 6

proximate cause

Answer 6

• Short term, developmental, genetic,physiologicalexplanations
• immediate cause of behavior (immediate physiological response that leads to a behavior)

Question 7

ultimate cause

Answer 7

• Long term, evolutionary, adaptive explanations – fitness benefits

Question 8

agnostic behavior

Answer 8

-display that results in an animal looking big or threatening
- goal is to maintain the territory; keep the access to all the resources (space, food, mates)
Threat – intimidation
Aggression – force
Submission – retreat or avoidance

Question 9

Taxis

Answer 9

Taxis – directional movement in response to a stimulus (toward stimulus = positive, away = negative)
Phototaxis – light (planaria)
Geotaxis or gravitaxis – gravity (fruit flies)
Rheotaxis – against the current (salmon)
hydro-, thigmo-, chemo-, thermo-

Question 10

Kinesis

Answer 10

Kinesis – non-directional, random movement
Net increase in movement – positive kinesis
Net decrease in movement – negative kinesis
Hygrokinesis – a change in the rate of movement of an organism in response to a change in humidity

Question 11

reproductive behavior

Answer 11

finding a mate, courting and mating
species-specific
Sexual dimorphism

Question 12

sexual dimorphism

Answer 12

male and female look different to attract mates

Question 13

acetic acid

Answer 13

chemorepellent and paramecium exhibit negative chemotaxis

Question 14

glycine

Answer 14

chemoattractant
paramecium exhibit positive chemotaxic