Animal Based Flashcards
What are the brain regions in humans and animals involved in reward and reinforcing “high or rush”
prefrontal cortex
nucleus accumbens
VTA (ventral tegmental area)
ALL drugs stimulate the reward/motivation system which includes
amygdala
frontal cortex
nucleus accumbens
ventral tegmental are
dopamine DA system
medial forebrain bundle
Cocaine and amphetamines act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where
DIRECTLY on the nucleus accumbens
alc acts directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where
INdirectly feeds into the system and eventually turns the system on
opiates act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where
INdirectly
hallucinogens act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where
INdirectly
Does Nicotine act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where
directly (kinda) nucleus accumbens
during animal testing activation or inhibition of specific brain circuits that alter behavioral responses to drugs is called
brain circuit analysis
this is a form of classification:
Ex. drugs come from plants such as opiates which are derived from opium poppy
origin of the drug
this is a form of classification:
Ex. amphetamines are used as appetite-suppressant drugs
what is the drug good at treating (can be used for alternative recreational uses and effects
therapeutic use
this is a form of classification:
ex. alc is categorized as a depressant drug because of its depressive action on the CNS
site of drug action
this is a form of classification:
where the drug acts in the brain:
ex. does it impact reward directly or indirectly? where in the body does it cause a physical change?
site of drug action
(drugs that differ widely in chem structure or mechanism MIGHT affect the same body site)
this is a form of classification:
ex. barbituates are synthetic compounds derived from barbituric acid
chemical stricture
this is a form of classification:
how does a drug produce its drug effects? what does this drug do the cell, membrane etc.
two drugs can get to the same area but in different ways
mechanism of action
this is a form of classification:
drugs that society generally thinks about.
ex: “downers”=depressants
“Speed”=amphetamines
street name
what are the 6 ways to classify a drug?
- Origin of the drug
- Therapeutic use
- Site of drug action
- Chemical structure
- Mechanism of action
- Street Name
Primary classification is by the drugs …. on mood thinking and behavior
EFFECTS of the drug on mood thinking and behavior
what type of drug is this?
moderate doses- wakefulness,sense of energy and well being
high doses- manic excitement (hallucinations/paranoia)
stimulant drugs
what type of drug is this?
low doses- relaxation, talkativeness, disinhibition (more likely to say things you normally would not say)
high doses- slowed rxn. time, incoordination, unconsciousness
depressant drugs
what type of drug is this?
adderall and cocaine
stimulant drugs
what type of drug is this?
benzodiazepines (xynax) and alc
depressant drugs
what type of drug is this?
low to moderate dose- painkilling, produced relaxed dreamlike state
moderate to high- sleep
opiates (narcotics)
what type of drug is this?
opium,morphine,fentanyl
opiates (narcotics)
what type of drug is this?
creates an altered perception of time, visuals and audio
hallucinogens (LSD, Shrooms)
what type of drug is this?
does not really fit into one category. it is a mild stimulant and relaxant (relief from an unwanted feeling)
Nicotine
what type of drug is this?
does not really fit in either category but acts like an hallucinogenic (changes perception of reality) and is a relaxant
Mary J
what type of drug is this?
wide variety of substances for control of mental and behavioral problems
psychotherapeutic drugs
what type of drug is this?
antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics
psychotherapeutic drugs
how much of a drug is consumed is known as…
drug dosage (pharmacological effect of the drug)
this is the body’s rxn to the ingestion of different drugs
ex. gender, age, personality
genetic makeup (characteristics of the user)
the way the drug enters the body. This effects how much of the dosage reaches its sites of action and how quickly it gets there
route of admin (pharmacological effect of the drug)
this is known as how likely someone is to response to a drug
tolerance
- the immediate physical place that the drug is being used/taken
- laws ab that drug in the state or community
-if other people are present at the time of drug use
environmental (surroundings)
use of a drug that can be stopped with NO impact on the user
ex. medical purposes, recreational/social use
drug use
what are the 3 factors that influence the drug experience?
the pharmacological effects of the drug, characteristics of the user, environmental surroundings
any use of a drug that causes physical, psychological,legal or social harm to the individual or others that are affected by the drug users behavior
using the drug for reasons other than what is was prescribed for
drug misuse
increasing the amount of a drug needed to achieve intoxication (high/buzz) OR have a diminished drug effect with continued use of the SAME amt of the drug
tolerance
a definable illness that occurs with a cessation (temp or final stop) or decrease in the use of a drug
results from major adaptations in the NS (neuroadaptations)
withdrawal
