Animal Based

Question 1

What are the brain regions in humans and animals involved in reward and reinforcing “high or rush”

Answer 1

prefrontal cortex
nucleus accumbens
VTA (ventral tegmental area)

Question 2

ALL drugs stimulate the reward/motivation system which includes

Answer 2

amygdala
frontal cortex
nucleus accumbens
ventral tegmental are
dopamine DA system
medial forebrain bundle

Question 3

Cocaine and amphetamines act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where

Answer 3

DIRECTLY on the nucleus accumbens

Question 4

alc acts directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where

Answer 4

INdirectly feeds into the system and eventually turns the system on

Question 5

opiates act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where

Answer 5

INdirectly

Question 6

hallucinogens act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where

Answer 6

INdirectly

Question 7

Does Nicotine act directly or indirectly on the rewards system and if so where

Answer 7

directly (kinda) nucleus accumbens

Question 8

during animal testing activation or inhibition of specific brain circuits that alter behavioral responses to drugs is called

Answer 8

brain circuit analysis

Question 9

this is a form of classification:
Ex. drugs come from plants such as opiates which are derived from opium poppy

Answer 9

origin of the drug

Question 10

this is a form of classification:
Ex. amphetamines are used as appetite-suppressant drugs
what is the drug good at treating (can be used for alternative recreational uses and effects

Answer 10

therapeutic use

Question 11

this is a form of classification:
ex. alc is categorized as a depressant drug because of its depressive action on the CNS

Answer 11

site of drug action

Question 12

this is a form of classification:
where the drug acts in the brain:
ex. does it impact reward directly or indirectly? where in the body does it cause a physical change?

Answer 12

site of drug action

(drugs that differ widely in chem structure or mechanism MIGHT affect the same body site)

Question 13

this is a form of classification:
ex. barbituates are synthetic compounds derived from barbituric acid

Answer 13

chemical stricture

Question 14

this is a form of classification:
how does a drug produce its drug effects? what does this drug do the cell, membrane etc.

two drugs can get to the same area but in different ways

Answer 14

mechanism of action

Question 15

this is a form of classification:
drugs that society generally thinks about.

ex: “downers”=depressants
“Speed”=amphetamines

Answer 15

street name

Question 16

what are the 6 ways to classify a drug?

Answer 16

1. Origin of the drug
2. Therapeutic use
3. Site of drug action
4. Chemical structure
5. Mechanism of action
6. Street Name

Question 17

Primary classification is by the drugs …. on mood thinking and behavior

Answer 17

EFFECTS of the drug on mood thinking and behavior

Question 18

what type of drug is this?

moderate doses- wakefulness,sense of energy and well being
high doses- manic excitement (hallucinations/paranoia)

Answer 18

stimulant drugs

Question 19

what type of drug is this?

low doses- relaxation, talkativeness, disinhibition (more likely to say things you normally would not say)

high doses- slowed rxn. time, incoordination, unconsciousness

Answer 19

depressant drugs

Question 20

what type of drug is this?

adderall and cocaine

Answer 20

stimulant drugs

Question 21

what type of drug is this?

benzodiazepines (xynax) and alc

Answer 21

depressant drugs

Question 22

what type of drug is this?

low to moderate dose- painkilling, produced relaxed dreamlike state

moderate to high- sleep

Answer 22

opiates (narcotics)

Question 23

what type of drug is this?

opium,morphine,fentanyl

Answer 23

opiates (narcotics)

Question 24

what type of drug is this?

creates an altered perception of time, visuals and audio

Answer 24

hallucinogens (LSD, Shrooms)

Question 25

what type of drug is this?

does not really fit into one category. it is a mild stimulant and relaxant (relief from an unwanted feeling)

Answer 25

Nicotine

Question 26

what type of drug is this?

does not really fit in either category but acts like an hallucinogenic (changes perception of reality) and is a relaxant

Answer 26

Mary J

Question 27

what type of drug is this?

wide variety of substances for control of mental and behavioral problems

Answer 27

psychotherapeutic drugs

Question 28

what type of drug is this?

antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics

Answer 28

psychotherapeutic drugs

Question 29

how much of a drug is consumed is known as…

Answer 29

drug dosage (pharmacological effect of the drug)

Question 30

this is the body’s rxn to the ingestion of different drugs
ex. gender, age, personality

Answer 30

genetic makeup (characteristics of the user)

Question 31

the way the drug enters the body. This effects how much of the dosage reaches its sites of action and how quickly it gets there

Answer 31

route of admin (pharmacological effect of the drug)

Question 32

this is known as how likely someone is to response to a drug

Answer 32

tolerance

Question 33

• the immediate physical place that the drug is being used/taken
• laws ab that drug in the state or community

-if other people are present at the time of drug use

Answer 33

environmental (surroundings)

Question 34

use of a drug that can be stopped with NO impact on the user

ex. medical purposes, recreational/social use

Answer 34

drug use

Question 35

what are the 3 factors that influence the drug experience?

Answer 35

the pharmacological effects of the drug, characteristics of the user, environmental surroundings

Question 36

any use of a drug that causes physical, psychological,legal or social harm to the individual or others that are affected by the drug users behavior

using the drug for reasons other than what is was prescribed for

Answer 36

drug misuse

Question 37

increasing the amount of a drug needed to achieve intoxication (high/buzz) OR have a diminished drug effect with continued use of the SAME amt of the drug

Answer 37

tolerance

Question 38

a definable illness that occurs with a cessation (temp or final stop) or decrease in the use of a drug

results from major adaptations in the NS (neuroadaptations)

Answer 38

withdrawal