Animal Anatomy Flashcards
lay eggs and develop the eggs inside the mother’s body. The eggs are hatched inside the mother.
Oviviparous animals
These are types of toxins found in snake venom
________ - Affect the nervous system by seizing up the nerve centers, often causing breathing to cease
_________ - Deteriorate the muscles of the heart, causing it to stop beating
___________ - Cause the blood vessels to rupture, resulting in widespread internal bleeding
Neurotoxins
Cardiotoxins
Hemotoxins
the exit point for waste and reproductive fluid of a male snake
cloaca
this is the two sex organs of a male snake that extends and releases sperm
hemipenes
a type of fertilization wherein the sperm-egg fusion takes place inside the female body.
internal fertilization
where the sperm-egg fusion takes place externally, outside the female body. The embryo develops and matures in the external environment.
external fertilization
__________ is development of the embryo inside the body of the mother. ________ is its counterpart
viviparity
oviparity
which are microscopic, natural pigments in an animal’s body, produce colors chemically. Their chemical makeup is such that they absorb some colors of light and reflect others. The apparent color of a pigment is a combination of all the visible wavelengths of light that are reflected by that pigment.
biochromes
is a coloration that matches an animal’s surroundings.
camouflage
Feathers and fur in animals are like human hair and fingernails – they are actually ____________. They are attached to the animal, but since they are not alive, the animal can do nothing to alter their composition.
dead tissue
Biochromes may be in cells at the skin’s surface or in cells at deeper levels. These deeper-level cells are called ____________. Chameleons use this.
___________ are a type of chromatophore that produce and store melanin
are cells that contain nanocrystals: these are transparent and made up of guanine, one of the four bases that make up DNA.
chromatophores
Melanophores
Iridophores
T or F.
Chameleons tend to change their skin color when their mood changes, not when they move into different surroundings.
T
to reflect a desire to mate or fight an opposing male, or as a sign of submission
____________ are the most diverse ecosystem on Earth, and also the oldest.
Tropical rainforests
is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees (has a very steady climate). They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all year.
rainforest
growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus
phototropism
a plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic, such as the numerous ferns, bromeliads, air plants, and orchids growing on tree trunks in tropical rainforests. (Ex. orchids and ferns)
epiphyte
In the past, scientists often referred to __________as the “lungs of the world” because of the large amount of oxygen they produce. M
tropical rainforests
Venus flytrap scientific name
Dionaea muscipula
_______________ also called major life zone, the largest geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.
biomes
the count, or total number, of unique species within a given biological community, ecosystem, biome, or other defined area.
species richness
place where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment.
habitat
the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance.
Ecological resilience/ecological robustness
the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life. It is concerned not only with habitation patterns but also with the factors responsible for variations in distribution.
Biogeography
Father of Biogeography
Alfred Russel Wallace
the sum total of individuals from a given species within a given area.
species abundance
In general, species richness with proximity to the Equator and (increase or decrease??) from the Equator to the poles.
increases
decrease
the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space.
ecosystem
The fundamental source of energy in almost all ecosystems is ____________ from the Sun. The energy of sunlight is used by the ecosystem’s autotrophic organisms
radiant energy
they are called as the self-sustaining, organisms
autotrophs
consumers of the ecosystem; they cannot make their own food.
heterotrophs
The movement of organic matter and energy from the producer level through various consumer levels makes up a ________________
food chain
The final link in all food chains is made up of _____________, those heterotrophs (such as scavenging birds and mammals, insects, fungi, and bacteria) that break down dead organisms and organic wastes into smaller and smaller components, which can later be used by producers as nutrients.
decomposers
A food chain in which the primary consumer feeds on living plants is called a _____________, and a food chain in which the primary consumer feeds on dead plant matter is known as a ___________.
grazing pathway
detritus pathway
are chemical elements and compounds that organisms must obtain from their surroundings for growth and the sustenance of life
Nutrients
cells of each are made up primarily of six major elements which are
CHON
PS
The first four makes up 99 percent of the cell
the six elements form the core ________ (that is, the semifluid substance that makes up a cell’s cytoplasm and nucleus)
protoplasm