Animal Anatomy

Question 1

lay eggs and develop the eggs inside the mother’s body. The eggs are hatched inside the mother.

Answer 1

Oviviparous animals

Question 2

These are types of toxins found in snake venom

________ - Affect the nervous system by seizing up the nerve centers, often causing breathing to cease
_________ - Deteriorate the muscles of the heart, causing it to stop beating
___________ - Cause the blood vessels to rupture, resulting in widespread internal bleeding

Answer 2

Neurotoxins

Cardiotoxins

Hemotoxins

Question 3

the exit point for waste and reproductive fluid of a male snake

Answer 3

cloaca

Question 4

this is the two sex organs of a male snake that extends and releases sperm

Answer 4

hemipenes

Question 5

a type of fertilization wherein the sperm-egg fusion takes place inside the female body.

Answer 5

internal fertilization

Question 6

where the sperm-egg fusion takes place externally, outside the female body. The embryo develops and matures in the external environment.

Answer 6

external fertilization

Question 7

__________ is development of the embryo inside the body of the mother. ________ is its counterpart

Answer 7

viviparity

oviparity

Question 8

which are microscopic, natural pigments in an animal’s body, produce colors chemically. Their chemical makeup is such that they absorb some colors of light and reflect others. The apparent color of a pigment is a combination of all the visible wavelengths of light that are reflected by that pigment.

Answer 8

biochromes

Question 9

is a coloration that matches an animal’s surroundings.

Answer 9

camouflage

Question 10

Feathers and fur in animals are like human hair and fingernails – they are actually ____________. They are attached to the animal, but since they are not alive, the animal can do nothing to alter their composition.

Answer 10

dead tissue

Question 11

Biochromes may be in cells at the skin’s surface or in cells at deeper levels. These deeper-level cells are called ____________. Chameleons use this.

___________ are a type of chromatophore that produce and store melanin

are cells that contain nanocrystals: these are transparent and made up of guanine, one of the four bases that make up DNA.

Answer 11

chromatophores

Melanophores

Iridophores

Question 12

T or F.

Chameleons tend to change their skin color when their mood changes, not when they move into different surroundings.

Answer 12

T
to reflect a desire to mate or fight an opposing male, or as a sign of submission

Question 13

____________ are the most diverse ecosystem on Earth, and also the oldest.

Answer 13

Tropical rainforests

Question 14

is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees (has a very steady climate). They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all year.

Answer 14

rainforest

Question 14

growth of an organism in response to a light stimulus

Answer 14

phototropism

Question 15

a plant that grows on another plant but is not parasitic, such as the numerous ferns, bromeliads, air plants, and orchids growing on tree trunks in tropical rainforests. (Ex. orchids and ferns)

Answer 15

epiphyte

Question 16

In the past, scientists often referred to __________as the “lungs of the world” because of the large amount of oxygen they produce. M

Answer 16

tropical rainforests

Question 17

Venus flytrap scientific name

Answer 17

Dionaea muscipula

Question 18

_______________ also called major life zone, the largest geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.

Answer 18

biomes

Question 19

the count, or total number, of unique species within a given biological community, ecosystem, biome, or other defined area.

Answer 19

species richness

Question 20

place where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment.

Answer 20

habitat

Question 21

the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance.

Answer 21

Ecological resilience/ecological robustness

Question 22

the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life. It is concerned not only with habitation patterns but also with the factors responsible for variations in distribution.

Answer 22

Biogeography

Question 23

Father of Biogeography

Answer 23

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 24

the sum total of individuals from a given species within a given area.

Answer 24

species abundance

Question 25

In general, species richness with proximity to the Equator and (increase or decrease??) from the Equator to the poles.

Answer 25

increases decrease

Question 26

the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space.

Answer 26

ecosystem

Question 27

The fundamental source of energy in almost all ecosystems is ____________ from the Sun. The energy of sunlight is used by the ecosystem’s autotrophic organisms

Answer 27

radiant energy

Question 28

they are called as the self-sustaining, organisms

Answer 28

autotrophs

Question 29

consumers of the ecosystem; they cannot make their own food.

Answer 29

heterotrophs

Question 30

The movement of organic matter and energy from the producer level through various consumer levels makes up a ________________

Answer 30

food chain

Question 31

The final link in all food chains is made up of _____________, those heterotrophs (such as scavenging birds and mammals, insects, fungi, and bacteria) that break down dead organisms and organic wastes into smaller and smaller components, which can later be used by producers as nutrients.

Answer 31

decomposers

Question 32

A food chain in which the primary consumer feeds on living plants is called a _____________, and a food chain in which the primary consumer feeds on dead plant matter is known as a ___________.

Answer 32

grazing pathway detritus pathway

Question 33

are chemical elements and compounds that organisms must obtain from their surroundings for growth and the sustenance of life

Answer 33

Nutrients

Question 34

cells of each are made up primarily of six major elements which are

Answer 34

CHON PS The first four makes up 99 percent of the cell

Question 35

the six elements form the core ________ (that is, the semifluid substance that makes up a cell’s cytoplasm and nucleus)

Answer 35

protoplasm

Question 36

___________ and other elements help to form cellular support structures such as shells, internal or external skeletons, and cell walls. Altogether, 16 elements are found in all organisms; another eight elements are found in some organisms but not in

Answer 36

Calcium

Question 37

_____________ molecules, which allow photosynthetic plants to convert solar energy into chemical energy, are chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compounds built around a magnesium ion.

Answer 37

Chlorophyll

Question 38

________________ any of the natural pathways by which essential elements of living matter are circulated. The term ____________ is a contraction that refers to the consideration of the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of each cycle.

Answer 38

Biogeochemical cycle biogeochemical

Question 39

A common measure of this variety, called _______________, is the count of species in an area.

Answer 39

species richness

Question 40

any one of several biodiverse regions which requires protection on the grounds that it hosts a significant number of endangered species.

Answer 40

hot spot

Question 41

it refers to the reduction in the number of genes, individual organisms, species, and ecosystems in a given area

Answer 41

biodiversity loss

Question 42

thinning, fragmenting, or outright destruction of an ecosystem's plant, soil, hydrologic, and nutrient resources

Answer 42

habitat loss Habitat loss and degradation—which is any thinning, fragmentation, or destruction of an existing natural habitat—reduces or eliminates the food resources and living space for most species. Species that cannot migrate are often wiped out.

Question 43

any nonnative species that significantly modifies or disrupt the ecosystems it colonizes

Answer 43

invasive species which are non-native species that significantly modify or disrupt the ecosystems they colonize—may outcompete native species for food and habitat, which triggers population declines in native species. Invasive species may arrive in new areas through natural migration or through human introduction.

Question 44

process of harvesting too many acquatic or terrestrial animals, which depletes the stocks of some species while driving others to extinction

Answer 44

overexploitation which is the harvesting of game animals, fish, or other organisms beyond the capacity for surviving populations to replace their losses—results in some species being depleted to very low numbers and others being driven to extinction.

Question 45

addition of any substance or any form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than it can be rendered harmless

Answer 45

pollution which is the addition of any substance or any form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form—contributes to biodiversity loss by creating health problems in exposed organisms. In some cases, exposure may occur in doses high enough to kill outright or create reproductive problems that threaten the species’s survival.

Question 46

is an interacting group of various species in a common location.

Answer 46

(biological) community

Question 47

five important drivers of biodiversity loss

Answer 47

habitat loss and degradation (1) invasive species (1) overexploitation pollution climate change associated with global warming

Question 48

which is the modification of Earth’s climate caused by the burning of fossil fuels—is caused by industry and other human activities.

Answer 48

Climate change associated with global warming

Question 49

a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the abiotic (nonliving) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients.

Answer 49

biosphere

Question 50

are those involving marine environments and freshwater environments on the land.

Answer 50

Aquatic ecosystems

Question 51

are those based on major vegetational types, such as forest, grassland, desert, and tundra.

Answer 51

Terrestrial ecosystems

Question 52

the differential success of the reproduction of hereditary variations resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment

Answer 52

Natural selection

Question 53

the movement of genes among different populations of a species

Answer 53

gene flow/gene migration

Question 54

the genetic change that occurs in small populations owing to chance

Answer 54

random genetic drift

Question 55

______________ convert solar energy into the chemical energy of living tissue, and that stored chemical energy flows into herbivores, predators, parasites, decomposers, and all other forms of life

Answer 55

photosynthetic plants

Question 56

___________, in ecology, all of the interactions of a species with the other members of its community, including competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism. Informally, it is considered the “job” or “role” that a species performs within nature.

Answer 56

Niche

Question 56

dead organic materials from any trophic level from the ecosystem

Answer 56

detritus

Question 57

In a _______ chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a flesh-eating animal. In a __________ chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by even smaller organisms. In a __________ chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.

Answer 57

predator parasite saprophytic

Question 58

Because energy, in the form of heat, is lost at each step, or trophic level, chains do not normally encompass more than ____________ trophic levels.

Answer 58

four or five

Question 59

, the weight or total quantity of living organisms of one animal or plant species (species biomass) or of all the species in a community (community biomass), commonly referred to a unit area or volume of habitat. refers to plant materials and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel.

Answer 59

biomass

Question 60

_____________ is the process that describes how the structure of a biological community (that is, an interacting group of various species in a desert, forest, grassland, marine environment, and so on) changes over time. Species that arrive first in a newly created environment (such as an island rising out of the sea) are called _____________, and they, through their interactions with one another, build a rather simple initial biological community.

Answer 60

ecological succession pioneer species

Question 61

A type of ecological succession that begins in essentially lifeless areas, such as regions in which there is no soil or where the soil is incapable of sustaining life (because of recent lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier).

Answer 61

Primary succession The first species to arrive are fast-growing “weedy species,” such as lichens or small annual plants, which create the first layers of soil as they decompose.

Question 62

_____________ occurs in areas where a biological community has already existed but some or all of that community has been removed by small-scale disturbances that did not eliminate all life and nutrients from the environment.

Answer 62

secondary succession

Question 63

In some environments, succession reaches a ____________, which produces a stable community dominated by a small number of prominent species. This state of equilibrium, called the____________, is thought to result when the web of interactions between the members of the biological community becomes so intricate that no other species can be admitted

Answer 63

climax climax community

Question 64

is the most plentiful element in Earth’s atmosphere and is a constituent of all living matter.

Answer 64

Nitrogen

Question 65

The vast majority of nitrogen fixation in nature is performed by certain types of bacteria and by blue-green algae also called.

Answer 65

cyanobacterias

Question 66

are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments.

Answer 66

seagrasses

Question 67

they are also called as the “the lungs of the sea” because they release oxygen into the water through the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 67

seagrasses

Question 68

flowering plants are also called

Answer 68

angiosperms

Question 69

are pores on the epidermis of leaves and young stems.

Answer 69

stomas

Question 70

is a Bureau under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources responsible for administering, surveying, managing, and disposing Alienable and Disposable (A&D) lands and other government lands not placed under the jurisdiction of other government agencies. Provide the full text

Answer 70

Land Management Bureau

Question 71

is an international treaty on climate change. Adopted in 2015, the agreement covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance.

Answer 71

Paris Agreement/ Paris Accords or the Paris Climate Accords

Question 72

_________________ refers to an increase in the concentration of a substance as you move up the food chain. This often occurs because the pollutant is persistent, meaning that it cannot be, or is very slowly, broken down by natural processes. These persistent pollutants are transferred up the food chain faster than they are broken down or excreted.

Answer 72

Bioamplification (or biomagnification,

Question 73

______________ occurs within an organism, where a concentration of a substance builds up in the tissues and is absorbed faster than it is removed. Bioaccumulation often occurs in two ways, simultaneously: by eating contaminated food, and by absorption directly from water.

Answer 73

Bioaccumulation

Question 74

Bioaccumulation often occurs in two ways, simultaneously: by eating contaminated food, and by absorption directly from water. This second case is specifically referred to as _____________.

Answer 74

bioconcentration

Question 75

organism whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory in order to favour the expression of desired physiological traits or the production of desired biological products

Answer 75

Genetically modified organism GMO

Question 76

smallest endemic ungulate (hoofed animals) in the Philippines

Answer 76

Balabac mouse deer/Balabac chevrotain/Philippine mouse deer/Pilandok (Tragulus nigricans)

Question 77

is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis. what do you call the root fungus

Answer 77

Myco-heterotrophy Mycotrophy mycorrhizae

Question 78

it means having an interdependent relationship. The organisms are called symbionts.

Answer 78

Symbiosis four main symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and competition

Question 79

is a membrane or fold of skin between the forelimbs and hind limbs on each side of a bat or gliding mammal.

Answer 79

Patagium

Question 80

A _________ is a symbiotic relationship between a roots of a plant and a fungus while ________ associates between a fungus and an algae.

Answer 80

mycorrhiza lichen

Question 81

a term used to describe a large and incredibly diverse group of eukaryotic, photosynthetic lifeforms

Answer 81

algae

Question 82

blue-green algae is also called

Answer 82

cyanobacteria

Question 83

When cyanobacteria evolved at least ________ years ago, they set the stage for a remarkable transformation. They became Earth’s first photo-synthesizers, making food using water and the Sun’s energy, and releasing oxygen as a result. This catalyzed a sudden, dramatic rise in oxygen, making the environment less hospitable for other microbes that could not tolerate oxygen. this icalled the ______ It was recorded in changes in seafloor rocks.

Answer 83

2.4 billion Great Oxidation Event

Question 84

_______ were the earliest life forms, simple creatures that fed on carbon compounds that were accumulating in Earth's early oceans

Answer 84

Prokaryotes

Question 85

a combination of a fungus and an algae that sticks on anything

Answer 85

lichens

Question 86

this is the distinct structure of a lichen that allows it to survive

Answer 86

thallus

Question 87

___ are filaments that explore the soil or any other substrate where fungi are growing and secrete digestive enzymes onto their food source. they branch repeatedly into a complicated, radially expanding network called the_______, which makes up the thallus, or undifferentiated body, of the typical fungus

Answer 87

hyphae (s: hypha), mycelium

Question 88

A lichen is a_______ that consists of a mutualistic relationship between a fungus (the______) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the______).

Answer 88

dual organism mycobiont (fungal component) photobiont (algal component)

Question 89

scientific name of venus flytrap

Answer 89

Dionaea muscipula