Anesthetics (exam 2)

Question 1

Nitrous Oxide

Answer 1

nearly ideal; not potent enough
fast onset/offset; used in minor procedures
supplement with muscle relaxant+barbs
used with halothane to speed up induction and decrease halothane needed
excellent amnesia and pain killer
TOX: long term use leads to neuropathy, VIT B12 depletion and anemia

Question 2

Halothane

Answer 2

Not complete anesthetic because of slow induction 
Depressed heart, respiration
sensitizes heart to NE
TOX: liver damage with repeated use
malignant hyperthermia

Question 3

Isoflurane

Answer 3

almost identical to halothane but safer and no liver damage, some pulmonary irritation
need to add analgesic for complete anesthetic

Question 4

Sevoflurane

Answer 4

very fast onset, less lipid soluble

less of an irritant, gets metabolized (liver damage)

Question 5

Thiopental (Pentothal)

Answer 5

-IV anesthetic; enhances GABA
-truth serum, rapid induction to hypnosis
-no muscle relaxation/analgesia
-accumulates in fat
-used in induce, then use inhaled to maintain
TOX: overdose results in PROFOUND CV and RESP depression

Question 6

Propofol (Diprivan)

Answer 6

• IV anesthetic; inhibit GABA uptake, enhance GABA, bind Cl- channel
• very potent, depresses CT, Resp, Fetus
• rapid metabolism, can continuously infuse to maintain

Question 7

Ketamine

Answer 7

• IV anesthetic
• “dissociative anesthesia” hallucinogenic, no loss of consciousness
• mainly used in children, less chance of emergent rxn
• does not depress CV or respiratory systems
• blocks NDMA receptor