Anesthesia Lecture 2 Flashcards
ASA 1
Normal healthy animals that have no underlying disease
ASA II
Animals w/ slight to mild systemic disturbances. Animals are able to compensate and have no CS of disease
ASA III
Animals w/ moderate to severe systemic disease or disturbances. Mild CS
ASA IV
Animals w/ pre-existing systemic disease or disturbances of a severe nature;
ASA V
Surgery often is performed in desperation on animals w/ life threatening systemic disease or disturbances not often correctable by an operation. Includes all animals no expected to survive 24 hrs
Why is fasting done before surgery?
Animals that are fed before being placed under anesthesia may vomit/regurgitate during anesthesia or recovery
As a general recommendation, adults should be fasted for…
8-12 hours
Why are exotics, neonates, birds, and toy breeds fasted for a shorter period of time?
To prevent a decrease in glucose (hypoglycemia)
Animals greater that 3 months of age are at a higher risk of…
Drug overdose, hypothermia, and hypoglycemia
Advantages of an IV catheter
An easy way to administer IV agents to initiate anesthesia and administer IV fluids during the procedure
Animals 6-16 weeks should not be withheld from food for…
Greater than 4 hours
Balanced Anesthesia
Smooth anesthetic induction, smooth recovery
Pre-emptive analgesia
Administering pain meds prior to painful procedures
Agonist
Binds to and stimulates tissue receptors
Antagonist
Binds to but does not stimulate receptors
Partial agonist
Binds to and partially stimulates the receptors
Agonist-antagonist
Binds to more than one receptor type and simultaneously stimulates at least one and blocks at lease one
These drugs are used to prevent and treat bradycardia, decrease salivary secretions, are bronchodilators, and are not sedatives
Anticholinergics
Routes Atropine can go
IV, IM, SQ, or IT
Adverse effects of Atropine
Decreased tear production, mydriasis, prevents bradycardia, decreased peristalsis, bronchodilation, reduces salivation, drying of mm’s and eyes, constipation/GI stasis, and unwanted tachycardia
Atropine should be avoided in…
Animals w/ pre-existing tachycardia, animals w/ ileus or constipation, colic in horses
Tranquilizers
A drug that reduces anxiety but does not necessarily decrease awareness
Sedative
A drug that causes reduced mental activity; calm, relax, and may lose consciousness
Example of Phenothiazines
Acepromazine
Effects of Acepromazine
Antiemetic, antihistamine, antiarrhythmic, peripheral vasodilation, reduction of seizure threshold
True or false: Acepromazine is used as an analgesic
False; Ace does not provide pain control but decreases anxiety
This drug produces hypotension even at a normal dose and should not be given to breeding stallions
Acepromazine
Examples of Benzodiazepines
Valium, Midazolam, and Zolazepam
Trade name of Valium®️
Diazepam
This Benzodiazepine is the drug of choice for status epilepticus
Valium
What is the difference between Valium and Midazolam?
Valium is not water soluble and should not be mixed with other drugs other than Ketamine
Effects of Benzodiazepines
Depresses the CNS, no analgesia, and skeletal muscle relaxation
Telazol®️ is an induction drug combining ____ and _____
Tiletamine and Zolazepam
Example of Thiazine Derivatives
Xylazine (Rompun®️) Detomidine (Dorosedan®️), and Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor®️)
Advantage that Xylazine has over Ace
Xylazine produces a short period of analgesia
True or false: Dexmedetomidine is the emetic of choice for cats
False; Xylazine is the emetic of choice for cats
This drug is reversed with Yohimbine and is a muscle relaxant
Xylazine
Trade name for Dexmedetomidine
Dexdomitor®️
Reversal of Dexmedetomidine
Atipamazole (Antisedan®️)
Reversal of opioids
Naloxone
Primary use of opioids
Analgesia
Adverse effects of opioids
Expensive, excitement in cats, increased IOP and ICP, adverse GI effects, and hypothermia
Neuroleptanalgesia
Opioids used in combination with a tranquilizer to provide sedation and analgesia
After administering a neuroleptanalgesia, be prepared to…
Intubate and ventilate
