Anemia/ Heme Minor Topics Flashcards
This type of anemia is caused by surgery when a large amount of blood is lost?
blood loss
Anemia occurs in patients with chronic renal disease due to an inability to make ____________by the kidneys,
erythropoietin
This type of anemia is most commonly caused by ongoing blood loss like a gastrointestinal bleed or heavy menstrual bleeding?
iron deficiency anemia, when blood exits the body the iron can not be recycled
True or False
Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic because lack of iron affects the red blood cell’s size and color.
True
Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic because iron affects the ability to synthesize hemoglobin which impacts the size and color of the red blood cell.
Patients with this type of anemia are jaundiced.
Hemolytic anemia
Patients with hemolytic anemia have jaundice because of the huge release of unconjugated bilirubin that is released into the bloodstream from the broken down red blood cells.
Name that anemia
Patients who are vegetarians are at risk for this type of anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia
Name that anemia
Substance use disorder (alcohol) are at risk for this type of anemia.
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Name that Anemia
Patients who have had a gastrectromy are at risk for this type of anemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Name that anemia
Patients with this type of anemia often present with neurological symptoms like numbness/tingling in the legs.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Name that anemia
A symptom of this type of anemia is eating pica (non-food items as food).
iron deficiency anemia
A patient who has anemia as a result of a blood transfusion reaction would have which type of anemia?
Hemolytic anemia
Blood transfusion reactions cause hemolytic anemia.
True or False
Sickle cell anemia is a type of anemia that is inherited and includes presence of Hg S.
True
This type of anemia is caused by deficiencies that lead to RNA/DNA synthesis problems.
Macrocytic anemia
Name symptoms that may be seen with anemia
Increased heart rate, fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath
When a patient has a low white blood cell count, a low hemoglobin/hematocrit (called H and H in practice) and low platelets, what is the condition called?
pancytopenia
Cancer of the lymph system
Lymphoma
There are 2 types: Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins
Lymphoma
Cancer of the white blood cells
Leukemia
Can be classified as either chronic or acute
leukemia
Bleeding disorder that is genetically passed on through the generations
Hemophilia A
Bleeding disorder that results in a deficiency in clotting factor VIII
Von Willebrand’s Disease
most common bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Bleeding disorder that results because of the many small clots form throughout the body
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
A patient has a WBC count of 22,000 cells. What is this called?
leukocytosis
A patient who has thrombocytopenia is at highest risk of which symptom?
Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia means the person has low numbers of platelets which increases the person’s risk of bleeding.
If a patient has neutropenia, what is the nurse most concerned about?
Infection
A patient is admitted to the hospital with an infection. What does the nurse expect the patient would have on their lab report?
Leukocytosis
A patient with cancer is admitted with neutropenia and there is discussion of the “ANC”. What does the nurse understand related to the ANC?
It is a formula that includes WBC, neutrophils and bands.
An ICU patient has developed a bleeding disorder whereby all of their clotting factors have been used up and the patient keeps bleeding. What is this called?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
the person clots a lot using up all of their clotting factors and then starts to have problems bleeding
How much time does it take for a RBC to get into circulation from the bone marrow?
1 week
Why might a patient with kidney failure may have anemia?
The kidneys are responsible for making erythropoieten
Tissue hypoxia stimulates the kidneys to secrete erythropoitin. Individuals with kidney dysfunction can’t secrete erythropoitin adequately.
Typically, when we discuss a patient’s anemia status, the blood test that nurses use the most often are:
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
When a patient has blood loss anemia, the patient has also lost _______ from the body?
Iron
There is a usual ratio between the hemoglobin and the hematocrit. If the patient’s hemoglobin is 10 g/dL, then what should the hematocrit be?
30
the ratio is 1:3 Hgb to Hct
The patient is hypoxic (from anemia). What is a compensatory response?
Elevated respiratory rate
If the patient is anemic, then there is a struggle in being able to deliver oxygen to the tissues at the appropriate level. A symptom of hypoxia is an elevated respiratory rate as the body is trying to increase the amount of oxygen available in the system.
Which patient is going to be most symptomatic of anemia?
Motor vehicle patient with large blood loss.
When a person loses blood quickly the person is more symptomatic
A sentinel event has occurred in the hospital and a patient has received the wrong type of blood during a blood transfusion. What response does the nurse expect?
Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is when there is lysis of red blood cells. That is what occurs during a blood transfusion reaction.
A patient who is jaundiced because of anemia has what type of anemia?
Hemolytic anemia
Too many RBC breaking down and the liver can’t conjugate the bilirubin fast enough leading to jaundice.
The nurse is working with a family with a child newly diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. The nurse advises the parents to take what action to prevent a sickle cell crisis in their child?
Keep the child well hydrated
Dehydration, infection, illness, physical stressors can all cause a crisis.
How long do sickle cells (ie: cells in sickle cell anemia) live compared to regular red blood cells?
12 days instead of 120 like normal red blood cells
If a patient has low levels of hemoglobin. What will their red blood cells look like?
small and pale
Hgb gives cells color and size so low hgb results in microcytic hypochromic anemia.
A patient is suspected of having the symptom called pica. The nurse recognizes this means the patient may be having craving for:
Laundry detergent
Which of the following pregnant individuals would we be most concerned about having folic acid deficiency?
Pregnant person who is malnourished
*This can lead to neural tube defects (birth defects). Flour and grains (cereal) are often fortified with folic acid. This option is the more global response.
A client who has anemia accompanied by neurological symptoms is most likely to have what type of anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Neurological symptoms are common with B12 deficiency because lack of vitamin B 12 leads to breakdown in the myelin sheaths that surround nerves.
