Anemia/ Heme Minor Topics

Question 1

This type of anemia is caused by surgery when a large amount of blood is lost?

Answer 1

blood loss

Question 2

Anemia occurs in patients with chronic renal disease due to an inability to make ____________by the kidneys,

Answer 2

erythropoietin

Question 3

This type of anemia is most commonly caused by ongoing blood loss like a gastrointestinal bleed or heavy menstrual bleeding?

Answer 3

iron deficiency anemia, when blood exits the body the iron can not be recycled

Question 4

True or False

Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic because lack of iron affects the red blood cell’s size and color.

Answer 4

True

Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic because iron affects the ability to synthesize hemoglobin which impacts the size and color of the red blood cell.

Question 5

Patients with this type of anemia are jaundiced.

Answer 5

Hemolytic anemia

Patients with hemolytic anemia have jaundice because of the huge release of unconjugated bilirubin that is released into the bloodstream from the broken down red blood cells.

Question 6

Name that anemia

Patients who are vegetarians are at risk for this type of anemia.

Answer 6

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 7

Name that anemia

Substance use disorder (alcohol) are at risk for this type of anemia.

Answer 7

Folic acid deficiency anemia

Question 8

Name that Anemia

Patients who have had a gastrectromy are at risk for this type of anemia.

Answer 8

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Question 9

Name that anemia

Patients with this type of anemia often present with neurological symptoms like numbness/tingling in the legs.

Answer 9

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Question 10

Name that anemia

A symptom of this type of anemia is eating pica (non-food items as food).

Answer 10

iron deficiency anemia

Question 11

A patient who has anemia as a result of a blood transfusion reaction would have which type of anemia?

Answer 11

Hemolytic anemia

Blood transfusion reactions cause hemolytic anemia.

Question 12

True or False

Sickle cell anemia is a type of anemia that is inherited and includes presence of Hg S.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

This type of anemia is caused by deficiencies that lead to RNA/DNA synthesis problems.

Answer 13

Macrocytic anemia

Question 14

Name symptoms that may be seen with anemia

Answer 14

Increased heart rate, fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath

Question 15

When a patient has a low white blood cell count, a low hemoglobin/hematocrit (called H and H in practice) and low platelets, what is the condition called?

Answer 15

pancytopenia

Question 16

Cancer of the lymph system

Answer 16

Lymphoma

Question 17

There are 2 types: Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins

Answer 17

Lymphoma

Question 18

Cancer of the white blood cells

Answer 18

Leukemia

Question 19

Can be classified as either chronic or acute

Answer 19

leukemia

Question 20

Bleeding disorder that is genetically passed on through the generations

Answer 20

Hemophilia A

Question 21

Bleeding disorder that results in a deficiency in clotting factor VIII

Answer 21

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Question 22

most common bleeding disorder

Answer 22

Von Willebrand’s Disease

Question 23

Bleeding disorder that results because of the many small clots form throughout the body

Answer 23

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 24

A patient has a WBC count of 22,000 cells. What is this called?

Answer 24

leukocytosis

Question 25

A patient who has thrombocytopenia is at highest risk of which symptom?

Answer 25

Bleeding, Thrombocytopenia means the person has low numbers of platelets which increases the person’s risk of bleeding.

Question 26

If a patient has neutropenia, what is the nurse most concerned about?

Answer 26

Infection

Question 27

A patient is admitted to the hospital with an infection. What does the nurse expect the patient would have on their lab report?

Answer 27

Leukocytosis

Question 28

A patient with cancer is admitted with neutropenia and there is discussion of the “ANC”. What does the nurse understand related to the ANC?

Answer 28

It is a formula that includes WBC, neutrophils and bands.

Question 29

An ICU patient has developed a bleeding disorder whereby all of their clotting factors have been used up and the patient keeps bleeding. What is this called?

Answer 29

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

the person clots a lot using up all of their clotting factors and then starts to have problems bleeding

Question 30

How much time does it take for a RBC to get into circulation from the bone marrow?

Answer 30

1 week

Question 31

Why might a patient with kidney failure may have anemia?

Answer 31

The kidneys are responsible for making erythropoieten

Tissue hypoxia stimulates the kidneys to secrete erythropoitin. Individuals with kidney dysfunction can’t secrete erythropoitin adequately.

Question 32

Typically, when we discuss a patient’s anemia status, the blood test that nurses use the most often are:

Answer 32

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 33

When a patient has blood loss anemia, the patient has also lost _______ from the body?

Answer 33

Iron

Question 34

There is a usual ratio between the hemoglobin and the hematocrit. If the patient’s hemoglobin is 10 g/dL, then what should the hematocrit be?

Answer 34

30

the ratio is 1:3 Hgb to Hct

Question 35

The patient is hypoxic (from anemia). What is a compensatory response?

Answer 35

Elevated respiratory rate

If the patient is anemic, then there is a struggle in being able to deliver oxygen to the tissues at the appropriate level. A symptom of hypoxia is an elevated respiratory rate as the body is trying to increase the amount of oxygen available in the system.

Question 36

Which patient is going to be most symptomatic of anemia?

Answer 36

Motor vehicle patient with large blood loss.

When a person loses blood quickly the person is more symptomatic

Question 37

A sentinel event has occurred in the hospital and a patient has received the wrong type of blood during a blood transfusion. What response does the nurse expect?

Answer 37

Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia is when there is lysis of red blood cells. That is what occurs during a blood transfusion reaction.

Question 38

A patient who is jaundiced because of anemia has what type of anemia?

Answer 38

Hemolytic anemia

Too many RBC breaking down and the liver can’t conjugate the bilirubin fast enough leading to jaundice.

Question 39

The nurse is working with a family with a child newly diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. The nurse advises the parents to take what action to prevent a sickle cell crisis in their child?

Answer 39

Keep the child well hydrated

Dehydration, infection, illness, physical stressors can all cause a crisis.

Question 40

How long do sickle cells (ie: cells in sickle cell anemia) live compared to regular red blood cells?

Answer 40

12 days instead of 120 like normal red blood cells

Question 41

If a patient has low levels of hemoglobin. What will their red blood cells look like?

Answer 41

small and pale

Hgb gives cells color and size so low hgb results in microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Question 42

A patient is suspected of having the symptom called pica. The nurse recognizes this means the patient may be having craving for:

Answer 42

Laundry detergent

Question 43

Which of the following pregnant individuals would we be most concerned about having folic acid deficiency?

Answer 43

Pregnant person who is malnourished

*This can lead to neural tube defects (birth defects). Flour and grains (cereal) are often fortified with folic acid. This option is the more global response.

Question 44

A client who has anemia accompanied by neurological symptoms is most likely to have what type of anemia?

Answer 44

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Neurological symptoms are common with B12 deficiency because lack of vitamin B 12 leads to breakdown in the myelin sheaths that surround nerves.