anemia 4

Question 1

hemolytic disruption of erythrocytes involves alterations in erythrocytic membrane, these alterations can divided into

Answer 1

inherited hemolytic disorder - intrinsic hemolytic anemia

acquired hemolytic disorder - extrinsic hemolytic anemia

Question 2

refer to the site of destruction of the red blood cell, within the circulating blood (blood stream) or outside it (liver or spleen).

Answer 2

intravascular and extravascular

Question 3

Blood smear examination in hemolytic anemia will typically reveal the presence of many

Answer 3

spherocytic erythrocyte

Question 4

hallmark abnormality in hemolytic enemie

Answer 4

spherocytic erythrocyte

Question 5

usually increased unless hematopoiesis is suppressed

Answer 5

reticulocyte count

Question 6

will exhibit increased fragility as a result of the presence of spherocytes.

Answer 6

osmotic fragility test

Question 7

reflect increased erythrocyte destruction
are

Answer 7

unconjugated/indirect bilirubin)

Question 8

, an indicator of intravascular and extravascular hemalysis, is decreased in the presence of erythrocyte destruction

Answer 8

Serum haptoglabin

Question 9

may affect the basic membrane structure, the erythrocytic enzymes, or the hemoolobin molecules within the red cell.

Answer 9

Inherited hemalytic disorders

Question 10

STRUCTURAL MEMBRANE DEFECTS

Answer 10

acanthocytosis
H spherocytosis
H elliptocytosis
H stomatocytosis
H xerocytosis
RHnull disease

Question 11

ERYTHROCYTIC ENZYME DEFECTS

Answer 11

G6PD deficiency
Glutathione Reductase
Hexokinase pyruvate kinase

Question 12

DEFECTS OF THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE

Answer 12

Hb C disorder
Hb S-C disorder
Hb S-S disorder (sickle cell anemis)
o Thalassemia

Question 13

Very heterogeneous form of hemolytic anemia transmitted in the majority of cases as an autosomal dominant trait

Answer 13

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 14

results from the lass of erythrocytic membrane surface, as vesicles, due to membrane protein defects

Answer 14

H spherocytosis

Question 15

protein that transport hgb in liver

Answer 15

haptoglobin

Question 16

is extravascular. accurring in the spleen

Answer 16

hemolysis

Question 17

the red blood cell has a decreased surface area-to-volume ratio, which changes the shape of the cell from

Answer 17

discoid to spherocyte

Question 18

demonstrate an abnormal permeability to sodium ion (Na+), causing an influx of sodum at
ID times the normal rate

Answer 18

spherocytic cells

Question 19

represents
a
comparatively coMmon
heterogeneous group of inborn disorders characterized by an overabundance of red bland cells and. in some individuals, by a hemolytic process

Answer 19

H elliptocytosis

Question 20

caused by defects in the membrane skeleton

Answer 20

H elliptocytosis

Question 21

principal structural component of the red cell membrane skeleton

Answer 21

spectrin

Question 22

in symptomatic patient, This will prevent hemalysis and protect the patient from chronic hemolysis, but the elliptocytes wil remain.

Answer 22

splenectomy

Question 23

rare autosomal recessive disorder, representing a subset of common hereditary elliptocytosis HE, seen primarily in blacks

Answer 23

H pyropoikilocytosis

Question 24

seen in genetic hgb defect, thalassemia and lead poisoning

Answer 24

H stomatocytosis

Question 25

permeability disorder

Answer 25

H xerocytosis

Question 26

• In vitro, the thermal instabilitv of spectrin suggests a defect in qualitative spectrin abnormality.

Answer 26

H xerocytosis

Question 27

MCHC increases and the red cell appears contracted and spiculated.,
o Peripheral blood smears demonstrate budding, franments, microspherocytes, and bizarre red cell fragments

Answer 27

H xerocytosis

Question 28

a rare hereditary disorder causing mild, compensated chronic hemolytic anemia.

Answer 28

Rh null disease or Rh deficiency syndrome

Question 29

denise contracted or spheroidal red blond cells with multiple thorny projections or spicules,

Answer 29

acanthocytosis

Question 30

two very different constitutional
disorders: of acanthocytosis

Answer 30

abetalipoproteinemia
spurr cell anemia

Question 31

rare derangement of lipid metabolism resulting from a genetic inability to synthesize apolipoprotein B (apob), the protein that coats chylomicrons

Answer 31

abetalipoproteinemia

Question 32

hemolytic anemia is seen in patients with established alccholic cirrhosis,

Answer 32

acanthocyte

Question 33

most common aerobic erythrocyte enzyme deficiency is related to oxidant stress induced by several drugs, infection or fava beans, in afflicted individuals

Answer 33

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 34

second most common inherited ervthrocyte enzyme deficiency

Answer 34

pyruvate kinase deficiency

Question 35

Hemoglabin that is pxidized from the ferrous to the ferrie valency state is called

Answer 35

methemoglobin

Question 36

chemical drugs venom

Answer 36

aniline copper
nitrobenzene
phenacetin

Question 37

can result from exposure to environmental agents and conditions,

Answer 37

Intravascular hemolysis

Question 38

makor cause of morbidity and mortality of millions of individuals living in endemic areas who are infected by the malarial species,

Answer 38

malarial anemia- plasmodium falciparum

Question 39

hemolytic toxin is released from bacteria

Answer 39

clostridium perfringens

Question 40

extravascular hemolysis

Answer 40

bartonella

Question 41

extravascular hemolysis

Answer 41

bartonella

Question 42

for most cases of the hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is a major cause of acute renal failure in children.

Answer 42

E coli

Question 43

for most cases of the hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is a major cause of acute renal failure in children.

Answer 43

E coli

Question 44

there is immunoglabulin G (gG) coating of erythrocytes with or without complement fixation.
• predominant type of reported cases of AlHA

Answer 44

warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 45

erythrocytes are usually coated with IgM
• antibody is usually anti-I

Answer 45

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 46

can occur if complement activation is incomplete and no lysis of the red blood cells
OCCUrS.

Answer 46

extravascular hemolysis

Question 47

commonly regarded as a type of hemolytic anemia.
• a rare, acquired, clonal blond disorder caused by a nammalignant clonal expansion of one or more hematopoietic stem cells that have acquired somatic mutation of the X-chromosome gene. PIGA.

Answer 47

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 48

least common type of AlHA
• transient and self-limiting (resolve without treatment) but can produce serious hemolysis of erythrocytes
• accurs almust exclusively in children in association with viral disorders.

Answer 48

paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria