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hema midterm > anemia 2 > Flashcards

anemia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anemia first described by ____ from an autopsy of young pregnant woman

A

paul ehrlich 1888

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2
Q

___ first described by paul ehrlich from an autopsy of young pregnant woman

A

anemia

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3
Q

unusual hematologic disease is either, ____ in etiology

A

congenital or acquired

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4
Q

characterized by reduced growth or production of blood cell

A

aplastic anemia

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5
Q

caused by damage or destruction of hemopoietic tissue of the bone marrow that results in deficient production of blood cells

A

aplastic anemia

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6
Q

if all cell lines (erythrocytic, leukocytic, thrombocytic) are affected, the disorder is referred as

A

pancytopenia

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7
Q

is made when at least two of the peripheral blood values fall below critical level

A

aplastic anemia

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8
Q

red blood cells usually are

A

normochromic and normocytic

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9
Q

iatrogenic agents

A

benzene
drugs
infection

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10
Q

burning gasoline aerosolize many pollutants, one of which is

A

benzene

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11
Q

can metabolized in the liver to a series of ___ and ___

A

benzene
phenolic and open ring structure

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12
Q

can inhibit maturation and amplification of bone marrow stem and blast cells

A

hydroquinones

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13
Q

led the list of antibiotics that produced cases of aplastic anemia if not prescribed properly

A

antibiotic chloramphenicol

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14
Q

other drugs that can produce aplastic anemia depending on dosage and duration

A

tetracyclines, organic arsenicals, phenylbutazone

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15
Q

causing aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic anemia or in an immunocompromised host

A

B19 human parvovirus

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16
Q

characterized by total bone marrow failure with a reduction in circulating levels of red blond cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A

acquired aplastic anemia

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17
Q

___ occurs in approximately 4% of patients

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

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18
Q

____ occur at a cumulative incidence rate of approximately 16% 10 years after treatment

A

myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

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19
Q

myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occur at a cumulative incidence rate of approximately ____ after treatment

A

16% 10 years

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20
Q

IBMFS INCLUDE

A

fanconi anemia
congenital megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
diamond-blackfan anemia

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21
Q

congenital red blood cell related disorder

A

inherited bone marrow failure syndrome

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22
Q

immune suppression of erythropoiesis

A

pure red cell aplasia

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23
Q

in pure red cell aplasia, erythroid precursors are __ from the bone marrow

A

absent

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24
Q

the level of serum erythropoietin in pure red cell aplasia is usually

A

increased

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25
Q

other causes of red cell aplasia

A

malnutrition and neoplasia

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26
Q

tumor of thymus gland

A

thymoma

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27
Q

frequent findings under red cell aplasia

A

thymoma

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28
Q

first reported in 1936, is one of a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by proapoptatic hematopoiesis, bone marrow failure, low stature, birth defects, and cancer predisposition known as the ___

A

inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (BMS)

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29
Q

IBMS is categorized by ___ as ___

A

diamond and blackfan as congenital hypoplastic anemia

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30
Q

other names for diamond-blackfan anemia

A

blackfan-diamond syndrome
congenital pure red aplasia
congenital hypoplastic anemia

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31
Q

the first ribosomal gene implicated in human disease and most frequently mutated gene in diamond-blackfan anemia with total of __ mutuations described

A

RPS19
77 mutations

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32
Q

diamond-blackfan is usually __

A

normochromic and slightly macrocytic

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33
Q

best described as congenital form of aplastic anemia

A

fanconi anemia

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34
Q

inherited through an autosomal recessive mode with the exception of the FA-b subtype which is X-linked

A

fanconi anemia

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35
Q

twice as common in males as in females and can be confused with pure red cell aplasia and thrombocytopenia-absent radus syndrome

A

fanconi anemia

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36
Q

found out to have skin hyperpigmentation and low birth weight, most likely to have

A

fanconi anemia

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37
Q

occurs in previously healthy children, usually younger than 8 years of age, with most cases occurring between the ages of I and 3 years

A

transient erythroblastopenia of childhood

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38
Q

transient erythroblastopenia of childhood occurs in previously healthy children, usually ___, with most cases occurring between the ages of___

A

younger than 8 years of age
I and 3 years

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39
Q

The pathogenesis appears to involve humoral inhibition of erythropoiesis or decreased stem cells in many of the patients who have been studied, but parvovirus is not a cause.

A

transient erythroblastopenia of childhood

40
Q

The bone marrow generally is ___and shows virtual absence at ervthrold precursors, except for a few early forms.

A

normocellular
transient erythroblastopenia of childhood

41
Q

demonstrates a mildly macrocytic anemia with prominent anisocytosis and poikilocytosis

A

type 1 congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

42
Q

o apparent at birth and is not a threat to life

A

type 1 congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

43
Q

the most common type of CDA

A

type 2

44
Q

patients have a positive acidified serum test

A

type 2

45
Q

they react strongly with both anti-i and anti-I.

A

type 2

46
Q

similar to type 1

A

type 3

47
Q

patients frequently demonstrate giant multinucleated erythroblasts

A

type 3

48
Q

Megaloblastic changes are not prominent, and the red cells are not susceptible to lysis by acidified normal serum.

A

type 3

49
Q

similar to type 2 but differs, in part, because of the lack of serological abnormalities.

A

Type 4

50
Q

____ the patient will have a decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit (Het or packed cell volume), and red cell count with decreased leukocyte and platelet counts.

A

If all cell lines are involved

51
Q

If all cell lines are involved patient will have

A

the patient will have a decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit (Het or packed cell volume), and red cell count with decreased leukocyte and platelet counts.

52
Q

___ only the hemoglobin. Hct, and red cell count will be affected.

A

If only the red cell line is affected,

53
Q

If only the red cell line is affected, the only affected are

A

only the hemoglobin. Hct, and red cell count will be affected.

54
Q

an essential element in synthesis of hemoglobin

A

iron

55
Q

common form of anemia

A

iron deficiency

56
Q

humans have __ of iron per kilogram of body weight

A

35 to 50 mg

57
Q

the average adult has __ of total iron

A

3.5 to 5.0 g

58
Q

normal iron loss is very small amounting to

A

less than 1 mg/day

59
Q

____consists of iron used for oxygen binding and biochemical reactions.

A

Operational iron

60
Q

most operational iron is found in the ___

A

heme portion of hemoglobin or myoglobin.

61
Q

___ is in the form of iron salts and is referred to as nonheme iron.

A

90% of iron from food

62
Q

90% of iron from food is in the form of iron salts and is referred to as ___

A

nonheme iron.

63
Q

90% of iron from food is in the form of ___ and is referred to as nonheme iron.

A

iron salts

64
Q

___ is in the form of heme iron which is derived primarily from the hemoglabin and myoglobin of meat

A

10% of dietary iron

65
Q

10% of dietary iron is in the form of heme iron which is derived primarily from the___

A

hemoglobin and myoglobin of meat

66
Q

10% of dietary iron is in the form of ____ which is derived primarily from the hemoglobin and myoglobin of meat

A

heme iron

67
Q

____. A deficiency of this type results when not enough iron is consumed to meet the normal, daily required amount of iron (e.g. fad diets and an imbalanced vegetarian diet).

A

Decreased iron intake

68
Q

an increased demand for iron that is not met

A

increased iron utilization

69
Q

physiological due to heavy menstruation or pregnancy

A

excessive loss of iron

70
Q

caused by achlorhydria in certain disorder or ff. gastric resection or chronic diarrhea

A

faulty or incomplete iron absorption

71
Q

faulty or incomplete iron absorption can caused

A

achlorhydria
chronic dirrhea

72
Q

evaluation of abnormal occult bleeding, especially gastrointestinal bleeding is needed

A

pathological iron loss in adult males and postmenopausal females with iron deficiency

73
Q

deficiency of plasma iron transporting protein is called

A

transferrin

74
Q

does not develop rapidly in most cases

A

pathophysiology IDA

75
Q

3 phases of IDA

A

stage 1 prelatent
stage 2 latent
stage 3 anemia

76
Q

decrease in storage iron

A

stage 1 pre latent

77
Q

decrease in iron available for erythropoiesis

A

stage 2 latent

78
Q

decrease in circulating red blood cells parameters and decrease oxygen delivery to peripheral tissue

A

stage 3 anemia

79
Q

signs and symptoms of IDA

A

paleness, fatigue, weakness

80
Q

serious medical condition where the optic nerve at the back of the eye becomes swollen which can lead to visual loss if left untreated.

A

papilledema

81
Q

in children that has IDA it is associated with __ and __ in the first 2 years of life

A

psychomotor and mental impairment

82
Q

compulsive ingestion of nonutritive substances ___

A

pica (ice, wooden toothpicks, chalk and dirt)

83
Q

full manifestation of anemia will exhibit both __ and __ red cell pattern

A

hypochromic and microcytic

84
Q

reticulocyte count equal to or greater than __ demonstrates increased erythropoiesis

A

2.5%

85
Q

is an effective early indicator of iron deficiency. This early alert is particularly important in infants and toddlers, who can suffer cognitive and psychomotor developmental problems as a result of inadequate iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin

A

reticulocyte hemoglobin content

86
Q

currently accepted laboratory assay for diagnosing iron deficiency

A

serum ferritin

87
Q

highly specific indicator of iron deficiency

A

ferritin value of 12 mg/l or less

88
Q

provide differentiation of IDA from anemia of chronic inflammation disorders

A

soluble transferrin receptor

89
Q

proposed lab test to identify iron deficiency in hospitalized and chronically ill patients

A

soluble transferrin receptor

90
Q

second most prevalent anemia after IDA

A

anemia of chronic inflammation/disorder

91
Q

a common complication in patients with disorders as diverse as inflammation, infection, malignancy, or various systemic diseases

A

anemia of chronic inflammation/disorder

92
Q

mild hypoprolific anemia with a hematocrit usually fixed in the–___range

A

28% to 32%

93
Q

, but in some cases (e.g, uremia). the hemoglobin may be as low as __

A

5 g/dL

94
Q

serum iron levels and transferrin in clinical chem studies are

A

decreased

95
Q

in clinical chem studies, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation levels are

A

decreased or normal

hema midterm (4 decks)

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