anemia 3

Question 1

a condition in which bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature rbc/macrocytes

Answer 1

megaloblastic anemia

Question 2

refers to abnormal marrow erythrocyte precursor seen in process, such as pernicious anemia, associated with altered dna synthesis

Answer 2

megaloblastic

Question 3

occurs due to megaloblastic processes

Answer 3

macrocytes

Question 4

Red blood cells in megaloblastic anemias have an___ and imbalance between ___

Answer 4

abnormal nuclear maturation
nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation.

Question 5

Normal red cell maturation is dependent on many hematological factors, two of which are the _____. ___ occurs when one of these factors is absent.

Answer 5

vitamin B12 coenzymes (also called cobalamin) and folates.
Megaloblastic dyspoiesis

Question 6

megaloblastic anemia is found out to be ___

Answer 6

hyperchromic
macrocytic
hyporegenerative
and has hypersegmented neutrophil

Question 7

2 categories of megaloblastic anemia

Answer 7

cobalamin deficiency
folic acid deficiency

Question 8

cobalamin deficiency AKA

Answer 8

vit b12 deficiency

Question 9

megaloblastic anemia caused by vit. b12 is associated with

Answer 9

increased utilization of vit b12
malabsorption syndrome
nutritional deficiency
pernicious anemia

Question 10

caused by gastric resection, gastric carcinoma and some celiac disease or sprue

Answer 10

malabsorption syndrome

Question 11

deficiency to develop even in the presence of severe malabsorption

Answer 11

nutritional deficiency

Question 12

associated with chronic atrophic gastritis

Answer 12

pernicious anemia

Question 13

occur in nature as product of certain microorganism

Answer 13

cobalamin deficiency

Question 14

about ___ of body’s average total of __ is stored in the liver. and the average loss of vit. b12 is approx. __

Answer 14

1/3
5000mg
5mg/day

Question 15

adult requires about___to balance loss with greater need during periods such as pregnancy. normal diet contains ___

Answer 15

5 mg of vitamin b12 per day
5 to 30 mg

Question 16

vit. b12 is essential for

Answer 16

red blood cell formation
neurological function’
DNA synthesis

Question 17

vit b12 deficiency symptoms and signs

Answer 17

infertility
hypothyroidism
depression
cognitive decline
low energy
numbness

Question 18

abnormal absorption caused by celiac disease or sprue

Answer 18

folic acid deficiency

Question 19

Increased utilization caused by pregnancy or some acute leukemias

Answer 19

folic acid deficiency

Question 20

o Treatment with antimetabolites that act as folic acid antagonists

Answer 20

folic acid deficiency

Question 21

abundant in yeast, many leafy vegetables and organ meats such as liver and kidney

Answer 21

folic acid deficiency

Question 22

An ample amount of folate is present in most well-balanced diets containing____

Answer 22

vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and cereals.

Question 23

The human body stores little folic acid. Storage amounts would last about ___ if a complete absence of dietary folates existed.

Answer 23

3 to 4 months

Question 24

-most common pharmacological cause of folic acid deficiency.

Answer 24

Alcohol

Question 25

folic acid deficiency causes

Answer 25

sensation of weakness
numbness and tingling of fingers and toes
ulcers in mouth
sore tongues
feelings of weakness

Question 26

how folic acid is used in the body

Answer 26

digestion
brain and nerve function
liver, heart and other organ health
DNA creation and repair
proper blood cell function
healthy hair, skin and nails

Question 27

The standard treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency is regular monthly intramuscular injections of at least ____ to correct the vitamin deficiency.

Answer 27

100 mg of vitamin
B12

Question 28

elderly patients with gastric atrophy should take tablets containing ____daily to prevent vitamin Bi2 deficiency.

Answer 28

25 mg to I mg of vitamin B12

Question 29

A successful response to treatment with cobalamin (vitamin BiZ) or folate begins within ___ in the bone marrow, with resolution of megaloblastic hematopoiesis

Answer 29

8 to 12 hours

Question 31

most common disorder of cobalamin deficiency

Answer 31

pernicious anemia

Question 32

immunologically related to an autoantibody to Intinsic Factor, a serum inhibitor of IF, and autoantibodies to parietal cells (anti-parietal cell antibody)

Answer 32

pernicious anemia

Question 33

In this anemia, platelet counts are usually moderately decreased. The total white blood cell count will classically demonstrate a ____

Answer 33

pernicious anemia
leukopenia, particularly a neutropenia.

Question 34

Examination of a peripheral blood smear of pernicious anemia reveals a moderate to significant _____ with many ____

Answer 34

anisocytosis and poikilocytosis
macrocytic, ovalocytic red cells

Question 35

hemoglobin and red cell counts are usually extremely low

Answer 35

pernicious anemia

Question 36

__ may not reflect the actual decrease in erythrocytes because of the enlarged size of the red cells.

Answer 36

Microhematocrit (packed cell volume)

Question 37

This increase in red cell size in pernicious anemia is typically reflected in the ___, which may be as high as ___

Answer 37

mean corpuscular volume (MV)
130 Fl.

Question 38

Abnormalities leukocytes
may include
hypersegmented ____neutrophils and an increase in the percentage of eosinophils (ensinophilia).

Answer 38

(more than four lobes)

Question 39

The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) varies but is usually increased in ___of cases.

Answer 39

90%

Question 40

___the absence of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in the stomach, is an important finding in pernicious anemia.
*

Answer 40

Achlorhydria

Question 41

results from atrophy of the parietal cells of the stomach

Answer 41

Achlorhydria

Question 42

an important finding in pernicious anemia.

Answer 42

Achlorhydria