anemia 1

Question 1

perform vital physiologic function of oxygen delivery to tissue

Answer 1

red blood cells

Question 2

anemia derived from greek word ___ which means ____

Answer 2

anaimia means without blood

Question 3

decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Answer 3

anemia

Question 4

reduction in hgb content of blood

Answer 4

anemia

Question 5

anemia can decreased

Answer 5

rbc, hgb, hematocrit

Question 6

reasons for a patient’s anemia

Answer 6

diet
drug ingestion
occupation
hobbies
travel
bleeding history
race or ethnic group
family history of disease

Question 7

increased in heart rate, respiratory rate, and cardiac output

Answer 7

anemia caused by sudden loss of blood volume

Question 8

redistribution of blood flow from skin and viscera to heart, brain, and muscle

Answer 8

anemia caused by sudden loss of blood volume

Question 9

decrease in hgb oxygen affinity by increasing the production of 2-3 bisphosphoglycerate

Answer 9

anemia caused by slow loss of blood volume

Question 10

increase in erythropoietin production by kidneys

Answer 10

anemia caused by slow loss of blood volume

Question 11

term used for marrow erythroid proliferative activity.

Answer 11

erythropoiesis

Question 12

Anemia is considered to be present if the hemoglobin concentration of the red blood cells (RBLs) or the packed cell volume of RBCs (hematocrit) is below the lower limit of the ___ reference interval for the individual’s age, gender, and geographical location

Answer 12

95%

Question 13

The causes of anemia fall into three major pathophysiological categories:

Answer 13

• 1. Blood loss
• 2. Impaired red cell production
• 3. Accelerated red call destruction/hemolysis (hemolysis in excess of the ability of the marrow to replace these losses

Question 14

refers to the production of erythroid precursors cells that are defective

Answer 14

ineffective erythropoiesis

Question 15

defective precursors often undergo

Answer 15

apoptosis

Question 16

deficient DNA synthesis due to vit. b12 or folate deficiency

Answer 16

megaloblastic anemia

Question 17

deficient in globin synthesis

Answer 17

thalassemia

Question 18

deficient protoporphyrin synthesis

Answer 18

sideroblastic anemia

Question 19

refers to decrease in the number of erythroid precursors in bone marrow, resulting in decreased RBC production and anemia

Answer 19

insufficient erythropoiesis

Question 20

many factors can lead to the decreased RBC production, including a

Answer 20

deficiency of iron
deficiency of erythropoietin
loss of the erythroid precursors due to an autoimmune reaction
infection
infiltration of the bone marrow with granulomas (sarcoidosis) or malignant cells

Question 21

inadequate intake, malabsorption, excessive loss from chronic bleeding

Answer 21

deficiency of iron

Question 22

deficiency of erythropoietin lead to have

Answer 22

renal disease

Question 23

loss of the erythroid precursors due to an autoimmune reaction lead to have

Answer 23

aplastic anemia

Question 24

infection lead to have

Answer 24

parvovirus b19

Question 25

infiltration of the bone marrow with granulomas (sarcoidosis) or malignant cells

Answer 25

acute leukemia

Question 26

anemia can also develop as a result of

Answer 26

acute blood loss and chronic blood loss

Question 27

as a traumatic injury

Answer 27

acute blood loss

Question 28

an intermittently bleeding colonic polyp

Answer 28

chronic blood loss

Question 29

___ induces iron deficiency as a cause of anemia

Answer 29

chronic blood loss

Question 30

the bone marrow takes a few days to increase production of RBC

Answer 30

acute blood loss and excessive hemolysis

Question 31

___ results in shortened RBC life span

Answer 31

increased hemolysis

Question 32

classification group anemias based on

Answer 32

erythrocyte morphology
physiology’
probable etiology

Question 33

proposed categories by WINTROBE based on cell sized

Answer 33

macrocytic anemia’
microcytic anemia
normocytic anemia

Question 34

can help determine cause of anemia in conjunction with MCV

Answer 34

RDW

Question 35

normal RDW

Answer 35

homogenous

Question 36

increased/high RDW according to_

Answer 36

heterogenous
bassman

Question 37

associated with traumatic condition such as accident or severe injury

Answer 37

acute blood loss anemia

Question 38

____ from extravascular spaces enters blood circulation and has diluting effect

Answer 38

fluid

Question 39

Earliest hematological change in acute blood loss is a _____, which may rise to elevated levels within I hour.

Answer 39

transient fall in the platelet count
I hour.

Question 40

next change in acute blood loss

Answer 40

neutrophilic leukocytes- WBC need 2-4 day to return to normal

Question 41

peripheral blood fil at 24 hour should be essentially ___

Answer 41

normochromic or normocytic

Question 42

occurs in patients with no established history of chemical or drug exposure or viral infection

Answer 42

Idiopathic aplastic anemia

Question 43

o designates a congenital or genetic predisposition to bone marrow failure

Answer 43

Constitutional Aplastic Anemia

Question 44

o transient marrow failure follows cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy

Answer 44

latrogenic Aplastic anemia

Question 45

• account fop 11% t0 20% of all cases

Answer 45

Drug-related and chemically related aplastic anemias

Question 46

inhibit maturation anfd amplification of bone marrow stem and blast cell

Answer 46

benzene

Question 47

infects erythroid replicating cells

Answer 47

b19 human parvovirus

Question 48

viral infections

Answer 48

hepa b,c, measles, epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus