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History of America 1865-90 - Era of Reconstruction 1865-1877 > Andrew Johnson's time as President > Flashcards

Andrew Johnson's time as President Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Andrew Johnson President?

A

1865-1869

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2
Q

What wa Johnson’s previous position in the government before becoming Prime Minister?

A

He was Lincoln’s Vice President

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3
Q

What was Johnson’s position in governments before associating with Lincoln?

A

He was a member of The Senate in Tennessee

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4
Q

What did Johnson do when all of the southern states left the USA?

A

He stayed on the side of the Union

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5
Q

How did Johnson feel towards the Southern states?

A

He was more sympathetic towards them and wanted to let them handle their own governments

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6
Q

What was an issue with Johnsons Reconstruction policies?

A

They conflicted with those proposed by Radical Republicans

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7
Q

What was the process of Reconstruction that Congress wanted to make?

A

Giving African Americans equal voting rights to white citizens

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8
Q

What was the first Reconstruction Act of 1867?

A

Replaced the Southern State Government rule with Northern Union military rule

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9
Q

What was the 1867 Reconstruction Act an example of?

A

The federal government attempting to show power over state governments.

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10
Q

What positive impact did the 1867 Radical Reconstruction Act have on African Americans?

A

There were eventually over 2000 African Americans present in governmental positions by 1868

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11
Q

What Bill did Johnson pass that Lincoln vetoed?

A

Wade-Davis Bill

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12
Q

What did Johnson do with the Wade-Davis Bill?

A

He made it so that ex-Confederate associates were not able to get in to Congress

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13
Q

What was a limitation with Johnson’s attempt to keep ex-Confederates out of governments?

A

The new governments were still dominated by Southern ex-confederate members

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14
Q

What decisions did the White Politicians make during Andrew Johnson’s Presidency?

A

They enforced segregation and racism

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15
Q

What racism legal structure did the Southern states adopt?

A

The Black Codes

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16
Q

What would The Black Codes later be known as?

A

Jim Crow Laws

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17
Q

What did the Black Codes attempt to do to all African Americans?

A

Criminalize them

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18
Q

Why would there be an attempt at criminalisation of all African Americans in Southern states?

A

So that they could be punished and given the punishment of slavery

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19
Q

What Constitutional Amendment loophole were the Southern States using to their advantage?

A

13th Amendment Constitutional Loophole

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20
Q

How did the Radical Republicans respond to this Southern state attempt at re-creating slavery?

A

1866 Civil Rights Act

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21
Q

What did the 1866 Civil Rights Act say? Which group of people did it exclude?

A

Anyone was a citizen of the United States if they were born in the United States except Native Americans

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22
Q

Which Reconstruction Act was passed that was overriding the President?

A

1867 Radical Reconstruction Act

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23
Q

How did Johnson feel about the power which the federal government now had?

A

He felt that they had too much power and that they could possibly start a monarchy structure if everything continued in this way.

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24
Q

Who became President in 1869?

A

Ulysses S. Grant

25
Q

What did Johnson say about the conditions of Southern States rejoining the USA?

A

They would have to accept the new Constitutional Amendments and allow African Americans to be equal citizens

26
Q

Name 3 Black Code restrictions in the South

A

Interracial Marriages banned, Black people not allowed to testify against White people in Court, Remain segregated

27
Q

Which parties were against Johnson as of December 1865?

A

Democrats, Moderate Republicans, Conservative Republicans, Radical Republicans

28
Q

What piece of Power did Johnson use to try and go against lots of Bills which other parties proposed?

A

Presidential Veto

29
Q

Why did Johnson veto so many bills?

A

Because he did not like the way that all of the other parties wanted to handle Reconstruction

30
Q

What was the impact of Johnson vetoing so many bills?

A

It alienated all of the other political parties

31
Q

What was the first significant use of Johnson’s Presidential veto?

A

Congress attempted to extend the Freedmens Bureau by 3 years but Johnson vetoed it.

32
Q

Why did Congress want to extend the life of the Freedmens Bureau?

A

So that they could get more power in convicting people who were discriminatory or racist

33
Q

What was the second significant Presidential Veto usage by President Johnson?

A

Vetoing the 1866 Civil Rights Act

34
Q

What was the third significant Presidential veto usage by President Johnson?

A

A second attempt by Congress at creating a new Freedmens Bureau Act

35
Q

What did the 14th Amendment do? When was it ratified?

A

Guaranteed equal citizenship for African Americans and the equal right to vote, ratified in 1868

36
Q

What did the 15th Amendment do? When was it ratified?

A

It made it so that citizens could not be denied the right to vote on the grounds of race, ratified in 1870

37
Q

What was the impact of the 14th Amendment? How did the South feel about it?

A

It led to confrontation from The South, they felt that this was an act of revenge by The North

38
Q

What did not help with the Johnson’s Southern Relations in terms of what he did with the 14th Amendment when he passed it?

A

He refused to compromise

39
Q

What initially happened to the Radical Reconstruction Act with Johnson?

A

He vetoed it

40
Q

What happened with the Radical Reconstruction Act after Johnson vetoed it?

A

It was re-voted on in Congress and passed, overriding the Presidential veto

41
Q

How would the Southern States be allowed back in to the Union?

A

If they accepted and implemented the new Constitutional Amendments in to their own constitutions, then they would be re-admitted to the USA

42
Q

Who wanted to confiscate Southern estates and redistribute the lands to liberated slaves?

A

Radical Republican Leader Thaddeus Stevens

43
Q

How did Johnson feel about the 1867 Reconstruction Act? Which specific part did he heavily oppose?

A

He felt it went too far, especially with the military intervention

44
Q

When was the KKK Formed and Who formed it?

A

December 1865 is when it was formed, by ex-Confederates

45
Q

How was the KKK evidence of disunity over Reconstruction even early on?

A

Even before the first heavily imposed federal government acts, there was still heavy disunity due to the fact that a group like the KKK was created in the first place.

46
Q

What did Congress try to do to stop Johnson vetoing many of their Reconstruction Acts?

A

Limit his power

47
Q

Name 2 Acts which Congress passed which limited Johnson’s power.

A

The Command of Army Act, The 1867 Tenure Act

48
Q

What did the Command of Army Act do?

A

It limited Johnson’s control over the military

49
Q

What did the 1867 Tenure Act do?

A

Limited people that Johnson could dismiss from his cabinet

50
Q

What event happened that resulted in Johnson being Impeached?

A

He attempted to dismiss the Secretary of War who had been in that position since Lincoln’s cabinet

51
Q

What happened after Johnson tried to dismiss the Secretary of War?

A

The impeachment process started

52
Q

What is Impeachment?

A

The process of convicting a political individual of a crime which they have committed

53
Q

How many Senators voted for and against Johnson’s conviction?

A

35 Senators voted for it, 19 Senators voted against it

54
Q

What was the significance of the voting results for Johnsons impeachment?

A

They were 1 vote off having a 2/3 majority which would have made the Impeachment pass

55
Q

What was the impact of the attempted Impeachment of Johnson?
(2 ways)

A

It made him seem like he was less able to be an efficient President and damaged his reputation heavily

56
Q

Name 2 reasons why Johnson was impeached

A

He obstructed Radical Reconstruction Bills and attempted to dismiss the War Secretary

57
Q

What was part of the reason for the making of the 1867 Tenure Act?

A

To catch Johnson doing something criminal so that he could be impeached

58
Q

Which branch of Congress was Johnson impeached in and not impeached in?

A

Impeached in the House of Representatives, not in The Senate

History of America 1865-90 - Era of Reconstruction 1865-1877 (9 decks)

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