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Spanish Wine Scholar MRK extended Decks > Andalucía > Flashcards

Andalucía Flashcards

1
Q

Andalucía Climate

A

Mediterranean w Atlantic influence

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2
Q

What winds affect Andalucía?

A

Azores High
Poniente - important in Jerez. W Atlantic wind, cool, humid
Levante - hot, dry, drops humidity. From S/SE

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3
Q

Andalucía Topography

A 
Sierra Morena (natural border  Extremadure & CLM - N)
Sistema Bético (S/SE - consisting of Cordillera Prebética, Subbética & Penibética
Guadalquivir River & Guadalete River are most important
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4
Q

Explain what Albariza is?

A

Soitype with characteristically white hue
30-80% chalk combined with limestone, clay, sand
Rich in calcium carbonate
Reflects sunlight
Retains humidity
Stores water
largely found in DO Jerez-Xeres-Sherry & DO Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
Pockets of it in DO Montilla-Moriles - synonym “albero”

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5
Q

What century were “criaderes y soleras” created? Why?

A

18th c

Established to accommodate numerous generous harvest, and to create consistency in product

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6
Q

Palomino Fino

general facts

A 
Native to Andalucía
synonym: Listán  Blanco
typically on Albariza soil
Thin skinned, vigorous
Ideal for fortified wines
Low acid
Neutral, low alcohol
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7
Q

Pedro Ximénez

genreal facts

A 
Native to Andalucía
Thick skinned
Productive
Susceptible to rot/mildew
Late ripening
Low acid
often sun-dried to concentrate sugars & aromas
viscous & raisiny character
sweetening agent for sherry
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8
Q

Moscatel de Alejandria

general facts

A 
Ancient mediterranean variety 
Offspring of Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
Late ripening
High sugar levels
primarily used for dessert wines 
exotic aromas - orange blossom, rose petals
sweetening agent for sherry
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9
Q

Jerez Superior

A

Subdivision of production zone

All Albariza soils

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10
Q

Zona de Crianza

A 
Sherry Triangle
Aging and maturing zone
Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlúcar de Barrameda
Sherry must be aged here (grapes can come from any of 9 towns)
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11
Q

How many zones of production can grow grapes?

A

9

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12
Q

When were the first regulations imposed in Jerez?

A

1483

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13
Q

What year did Jerez-Xérès-Sherry gain DO?

A

1933

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14
Q

What year did Sanlúcar de Barrameda gain DO?

A

1964

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15
Q

What are the 3 sherry base wines?

A

Primera Yema
Segunda Yema
Mosto Prensa

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16
Q

Explain Primera Yema

A

mostlyfree run juice
Typically used for Fino and Manzanilla
About 65% of total volume

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17
Q

Explain Segunda Yema

A

Pressed juice
About 22% of total
more color & tannin
Typically for Oloroso

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18
Q

Explain Mosto Prensa

A

Harshly pressed
Coarse & inelegant Juice
12% of total
Used for distillation - not for Sherry production

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19
Q

Sherry classifications & procedures

prior to sobretable

A

classified by color, clarity & aromas

-> distinct paleness & finesse
age as Fino or Manzannillas / marked with "/"
biological aging under flor
fortified to 15-15,5%
-> greater structure
age as Oloroso / marked with "o"
aging with pure physio-chemical oxidation - direct contact to air
fortified to min of 17%
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20
Q

Biologically & Oxidatively aged Sherries

tasting typicities

A

Finos - doughy, roasted almond
Manzanillas - more chamomile, almonds, salty finish
Amontillado - dark, nutty, Cashews or hazelnuts, tobacco
Oloroso - dark-colored, walnut, toasted & balsamic notes
(Palo Cortado - aroma & elegance of an Amontillado - but flavor, color & body of Oloroso)

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21
Q

Vinos Generosos

A

Dry Sherries

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22
Q

Biologically and Oxidative aged Sherries

A

Amontillado - start as fino/manzanilla. If yeast is not performing well, redirected, fortified to 17% and aged as Oloroso
Palo Cortado -

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23
Q

Oxidative aged Sherries

A

Oloroso - walnut, balsamic

24
Q

Vinos Dulces Naturales

A

Naturally sweet Sherries

Pedro Ximénez & Moscatel de Alejandría

25
Moscatel (de Alejandría) Dulce
Min 85% overripe or sun dried grapes Amber to mahogany in color Orange blossom, honey -> sometimes blended with PX or arrope for darker color
26
Pedro Ximénez Dulce
``` Min 85% overripe or sun dried grapes Vinified in Montilla-Morilles Aged in Sherry Triangle Syrupy, extremely dark intensive - figs, raisins, dried fruit ```
27
Vinos Generosos de Licor
Blended Sherries | Dry (Pale, Pale Dry), Pale Cream, Medium (Abocado, Amoroso, Golden, Brown, Milk, Rich) or Cream
28
Blended Sherries - Dry
``` Uncommon Fino/Manzanilla + RCGM (rectfied concentrated grape must) Pale yellow dough, almonds, wild herbs Synonyms: Pale, Pale Dry ```
29
Blended Sherries - Pale Cream
Fino/Manzanilla + RCGM creating sweetness level: 45-115g/l Pale gold bread dough, hazelnut
30
Blended sherries - Medium
Amontillado (usually) blended with Moscatel, PX or RCGM sweetness level: 5-115 g/l Amber to dark chestnut baked apple subgroups: Medium Dry (5-45g/l) & Medium Sweet (45-115g/l) synonyms: Abocado, Golden, Amoroso, Brown, Milk, Rich
31
Blended Sherries - Cream
Oloroso (usually) blended with Moscatel or PX sweetness level: 115-140g/l Dark mahogany walnut, dried fruit
32
Vinos de Vejez Calificada
Sherry Wines of Certified age, eg VOS & VORS Only Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado, PX eligible Age designation of wine bottled, NOT the complete solera independent tasting committee supervises
33
Vinum Optimum Signatum VOS
belongs to Vinos de Vejez Calificada Very old Sherry Average age of 20+ years
34
Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum VORS
belongs to Vinos de Vejez Calificada Very Old Rare Sherry Avg age of 30+ years
35
Vinos con Indicadión de Edad
``` Sherry Wines with an Indication of Age Amontillado, Palo Cortado, Oloroso, PX independent tasting committee supervises Age designation of Solera systems - Criadera y solera 12 or 15 year old designations ```
36
Añada
``` Vintage Sherry Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado From single years harvest Aged oxidatively NOT part of Solera system Barrels stoppered, sealed, and strictly monitored by Consejo ```
37
DO Málaga | General facts
``` 3 non contiguous growing regions 5 subzones Mediterranean Moderate rainfall 300-1000m Limestone, clay, slate ```
38
DO Málaga | Wine styles
Vino Dulce only | Moscatel de Málaga / Moscatel de Alejandría and PX
39
DO Sierras de Málaga | wine style
Dry, still wines
40
DO Pasas de Màlaga | production
Do for Raisins only
41
DO Montilla-Morilles | General facts
Mediterranean w continental influence Irregular rainfall 125-600m Albariza (Albero), ruedos (sand over clay)
42
What is the name for Albariza in Montilla-Morilles?
Albero
43
What is the soil other than Albero in Montilla-Morilles?
Ruedos (sand over clay)
44
Wine styles of Montilla Morilles?
Pedro Ximénez still wines, vinos generosos & dulces Most famous for "Sweet PX"
45
What happens after fortification?
prior to entering solera wines moved to "sobretabla"( from tank to wooden butts for intermediary stage) -> biologically aging wines: recheck within 3-12 months to decide if the stay under flor
46
Explain special Categories - Age Designated Sherries
Vinos de Vejez Calificada (sherry wines of certified age) Vinos con Indicación de Edad (Sherries with indication of certified age) Añada (vintage Sherry)
47
What does Sweet PX & Soleo/Asoleado mean?
Wine style very famous in DO Montilla-Moriles | drying process during production = Soleo/Asoleado
48
How is PX produced?
``` PX grapes hand harvested in Aug dried on straw mats (4-10 days) drying process = Soleo/Asoleado concentrates sugars & potential alcohol min sugar in must: 400g/l yeast can only ferment to 3-4% juice fortified (neutral grape spirit) to 15% matured in tinajas or casks categorized as vintage or solera ```
49
What are the five sub zones of DO Málaga?
N - Norte - most extreme temperatures E - Axarquia - most important for vino dulce production SE - Montes de Málaga - within montes de Malaga Natural Park SW - Manilva - primarily raisin - DO Pasas de Malaga W - Serranía de Ronda - primary production for still wines - DO Sieras de Málaga
50
What does "Marco de Jerez" mean?
``` 9 towns within DE Jerez-Xeres-Sherry & DO Manzanilla- Sanlucar de Barrameda vineyard region: Jerez de la Frontera Sanlucar de Barrameda El Puerto de Santa Maria Trebujena Chiclana Puerto Real Rota Chipiona Lebrija ```
51
Which cities belong to the Sherry Triangle?
Jerez de la Frontera El Puerto de Santa Maria Sanlucar de Barrameda
52
What are the zones within Marco de Jerez?
Zona de Producción: incorporated the nice towns of Marco de Jerez - it is the production zone Jerez Superior: subdivision of Zone de Produccion - only includes vineyards planted in albaziza (92%) Zona de Crianza: only area where sherry may be aged & labeled DO JXS or DO MSB -> this zone is called the Sherry triangle
53
Explain Arrope & how ist it connected to Vinos de color?
used for blended Sherries - vinos generosos de licor Arrope = a dark syrup heating grape must over slow fire reduce to 1/5 of volume Vinos de Color: Arrope & add Palomino Fino 1:3 age in solera may be used as sweetening agent vinos de color might be added
54
Explain the term Pajarete
different spellings: Pacarete/Paxarette fortified sweet wine primarily crafted from PX +/- Moscatel grapes fermented & oxidatively aged (min 2 years in oak) solera possible, not necessary DO Malaga
55
What is the oldest regulatory body for wine and when was it founded?
1483 in Jerez - regulations of the guild of raisin & grape harvesters in Jerez

Spanish Wine Scholar MRK extended Decks (13 decks)

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