Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus

Question 1

Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are zoonotic (T/F)

Answer 1

FALSE!!!!

- Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are NON ZOONOTIC nematodes

Question 2

What are the hosts for Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus?

Answer 2

Humans

Question 3

What is the geographical distribution for A. duodenale?

Answer 3

Southern Hemisphere

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus?

Answer 4

-Can infect mucous membranes of the mouth in addition to skin penetration.

Question 5

How are Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus transmitted?

Answer 5

-SOIL -> SKIN penetration
or
-oral ingestion (Ancylostoma) of L3 larval stage (1 week)

Question 6

What are the treatments for Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus?

Answer 6

-Albendazole + anemia treatment

Question 7

How does one directly diagnose Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus infections?

Answer 7

-Detection of eggs in fresh feces

L1 to L3 takes 24-36 hrs so you need fresh fecal samples

Question 8

What is the clinical symptoms of transmission of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus?

Answer 8

• Ground itch

- pustulation at site of entry

Question 9

What are the clinical symptoms during larval migration to lungs for Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus?

Answer 9

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonitis

Question 10

What are the clinical symptoms when the larva of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are swallowed when coughed and enters small intestines?

Answer 10

• HOOKWORM ANEMIA (HWA)
• pallow
• breathlessness
• iron deficiency anemia (RBC hypochromic, microcytic, pigmented neutrophils, numerous platelets)

Question 11

Describe the symptoms of Hookworm Anemia (HWA) caused by Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus.

Answer 11

• Tiredness
• Edema
• Myalgia (muscle pain)

Question 12

Describe the life cycle of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus.

Answer 12

• From egg ~> L3 (infective stage) - 1 week.
• This intermediate host lays 30,000 eggs per day.
• L3 larva penetrate skin. Goes to the gut and then is transported to the liver by the portal system.
• From the liver via the hepatic vein goes to the posterior vena cava and the to the heart.
• From the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
• Irritaion in the lungs cause one to cough up the parasite and swallow it.
• It now ends up in the small intestine. = Hepatic-Tracheal Migration

Question 13

What is characteristic of the Necator americanus life cycle?

Answer 13

-Migrating larva mature in the lungs