ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME Flashcards
ANCIENT GREECE timeline
700BC 480 BC
Rome timeline
30BC 1460 CE
Geography
Rocky
Mountainous
Almost completely surrounded by Mediterranean Sea
HIGHLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL IN GREECE
STONE and LIMESTONE and MARBLE
number of historic periods in ancient Greece
4 period:
i. Greek Dark Ages
ii. Archaic Period- City states & rise of
aristocrats
iii. Classical Period- Period of democracy
& expansion of art appreciation, politic & economic
iv. Hellenistic Period - Increase interest in civic buildings
religion of greeks
Polytheistic: many god &
goddesses
TEMPLES OF GREEK
Parthenon, Athens
Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
Temple of Artemis, Ephesus
Erechtheion, Athens
Parthenon was for
ATHENA
Erectheion was for
ATHENA AND POSEIDON
Characteristics of Greek columns in temples.
What column?
Plan Shape?
Facade?
Columns
* thickening the bottom of it/ lean slightly inwards
Rectangular floor plan
Peristyle
* Facade consisted of rows of column
* Columns surrounding inner chamber/ space in a building
like a courtyard
Columns were understood by Greek to be proportionally representative of
anthropometric/ representative of the human body
The Temple facade is made of
Entablature
Capital
Shaft
Base
Types of greek order
DORIC- Strength and masculinity
IONIC- Feminine
CORINTHIAN- maiden (least used and is decorative)
Unique columns of Greek used in erechtheion and what it represents
CARYATIDS
* Mainly decorative columns
* embodiment of youth, purity and
feminine strength
What kind of leaves are used in the corinthian
Acanthus
was the crowning
feature of the Greek temple front
Pediment
long and narrow sculptural
band that runs along the middle of an
entablature, used for decorative purposes. represents the people of Athens in a
religious procession
Frieze
…….Illustrate episodes from Greek myth. used
as a structuring and decorative principle
of order in Greek architecture. In the early
days, the ……….were open and could
contain vases or sacrificial skulls. were the rectangular slabs that adorned the outside of Doric temples, just above the exterior colonnade.
Metopes
………….as escapist entertainment and civic
engagement.
…………..encouraged Greeks
to “become more moral by processing the
most important issues of the day,”
through both tragedy and satire
Theatre
Ancient Greek Theatre was located in . Where it is also a holy sanctuary and the mythical birthplace of twin gods
Apollo and Artemis
DELOS
The largest structure in the temple of Apollo which held the singing and instrumental music contests of the Pythian Games.
Ancient Greek Theatre in Delphi
a covered walkway or portico, commonly
for public use.
STOA
Constructed in
330-320 BCE, the
entrance to the
it is mostly
hidden from view
from the
spectators in the
stadium and the
athletes entrance
would have been
all the more
dramatic.
The Ancient Stadium, Nemea
Commercial center of the city of Athens
Agora
Social center for male citizens/
gymnasium, Greece
PALESTRA
Small theatre for meetings and
dramatic performance, greece
ODEON
How did Romans take conquering of the other city-states across the Mediterranean seas
Building ships inspired by Phoenician;s shipbuilding and creating a navy.
Roman Materials
limestone
marble
stone
Terracotta: a type of clay
Brick
Pozzolana aka volcanic ash used as mortar
Roman religion
rise of Christianity
What have the roman improved from Greek style design
Arch and vault
Stoa equivalent of roman architecture is
BASILICA
Agora in roman equivalent is
Forum
Improvements of innovations of roman empire
Improvements: DOME, AQUEDUCTS
Innovation: VAULT- barrel, groin. ARCH
Discovered what material to build strong buildings
of slow-drying concrete made with
pozzalana and concrete
Roman Columns/Orders
DORIC
IONIC
CORINTHIAN
TUSCAN (Represent strength and masculinity. often in utilitarian & military building)
COMPOSITE (Combination of Ionic & Corinthian. Symbolize democratic, power & agelessness)
a temple in Rome that is dedicated to all gods.
PANTHEON. The main room consisted of a large
cylindrical drum topped by a dome,
with an oculus allowing for light and air – and rain.
constructed with a grand porch, 3 rows of columns and dome with oculus. Largest Unreinforced concrete dome in the world today.
How did Romans get water supply into their city
Gravity and the natural slope of the
land allowed aqueducts to channel
water from a freshwater source,
Structural System Rome
Arch, vaults
Romans used ………. span and cover large spaces. used in basilicas and the Pantheon, etc.
DOMES
The need to move legions and trade goods in all weather led to the development of
ROADS
theatre and arenas built to hold many people and engineered to allow quick entry and exit.
AMPHITHEATRE
Gladiator contests were held here
COLOSSEUM
