ANCIENT EGYPT Flashcards
Official history begun with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by
Pharaoh Menes in 3100
The exterior walls, as well as the columns and piers, were covered with ___ and ___.
hieroglyphic and pictorial carvings
Egypt developed over the next three millennia through a series of stable Kingdoms. List each series of stable Kingdoms.
Old, Middle and New
Match dates of completion to each of the pyramids.
Pyramid Name Period
Pyramid of Khufu 2580 BC.
Pyramid of Khafre 2532 BCE.
Pyramid of Menkaure 26th century BC.
What were the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt architecture?
Unbaked Mud brick
Stone
10 architectural and decorative features of Ancient Egypt.
- Pylon
- Obelisks
- Frieze
- Clerestory
- Columns
- Capitals
- Vestibule
- Courtyard
- Colonnade
- Portico
the only female pharaoh of Egyptian origin.
Queen Hatshepsut
Deir El Bahari is built for and where
Queen Hatshepsut, in mountains
Deir El Bahari, describe its entrance
It consists of a succession of terraces whose supporting walls are masked by long colonnades divided in the centre by monumental access ramps.
Deir El Bahari, explain its second terrace
On the second terrace, a third portico gives entry to a peristyle courtyard leading to the sanctuary, which is cut out of the cliff.
The work of Deir EL Bahari by ………….(architect) is a fine example of the integration of ………. and …………
Senenmut…. architecture and natural site.
The Fertile Nile flows _______________ from Abyssinia to the Mediterranean Sea for 6650 km and is the longest river in the world.
SOUTH-NORTH
Name the temple constructed in Nubia by the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
ABU SIMBEL
Types of columns and capitals
a) palm capital
b) Proto-Doric
c) Campaniform or bell capital
d) Lotus bud or papyrus bud
e) Hathor capital
What is the hypostyle hall? **
A hypostyle hall is a space with a roof supported by columns.
The hall has 134 massive sandstone columns with the centre 12 standing taller than rest.
With the centre of the hall taller than the spaces on either side, the Egyptians allowed for clerestory lighting (a section of the wall that allowed light and air into the otherwise dark space below).
What is Luxor Temple?
This temple is located a mile south of Karnak Temple.
Karnak and Luxor temples were once joined by an avenue lined with two rows of human-headed stone sphinxes, guardians of the temple gates and the underworld.
Abu Simbel Temple was constructed in ………. by ………..
Nubia BY Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
The entrance of Abu Simbel Temple has …. statues at 65feet tall.
four
Abu simbel temple dedicated to which gods and who are the satues based on
built primarily as a dedication to the gods of Amon-Ra, Ptah, and Ra- Harakhte; statues are of the great pharaoh Ramesses II.
What do Abu Simbel Temples symbolize?
The temple was to symbolize Pharaoh Ramesses II’s power and his divine nature.
What is Deir El Bahari?
Built into the mountains for Queen Hatshepsut, the only female pharoah of Egyptian origin.
It consists of a succession of terraces whose supporting walls are masked by long colonnades divided in the centre by monumental access ramps.
On the second terrace a third portico gives entry to a peristyle courtyard leading to the sanctuary, which is cut out of the cliff.
What are hieroglyphs?
A set of symbols to help with the administration of the country - record the law, the properties of the country and the pharaohs, eventually to record literature and prose.
A group of scholars, called scribe were trained to write, and considered as a high post in the government
Writing was an esthetic experience, and they viewed their writing signs as ‘God’s words.’
Can be read from left to right, or right to left, or vertically (top to bottom). It is the orientation of the glyphs that gives the clue.
The ancient Egyptians believed in the ……… of the body and ………….
resurrection …. life everlasting
……….. of the deceased were removed and ………… were used to mummify the body.
Internal organs…..drying agents
It became standard practice to place a ……….. over the face of the deceased made of ……. and in the case of royal mummies, …………….
mask ……..papyrus………….silver and gold
WHAT IS MASTABA, the old Egyptian tomb***
A mastaba is a low rectangular brick or stone structure that was built on the west side of the Nile in ancient Egypt.
The actual burial chamber was at the base of a deep vertical shaft below a flat-roofed stone structure.
A false door was carved on the interior tomb wall near the entrance to the shaft.
Often an image of the deceased was carved in the false door in order to entice the soul to enter the body. For the comfort and well-being of the deceased, the burial chamber was filled with material goods and food offerings, and the walls were decorated with scenes of daily activities.
The mastabas were designed to ensure the well-being of the deceased for all eternity.
SUN a principal deity represents the eternal cycle of
birth, death and rebirth.
