Anatomy W1 - Vault of the skull Flashcards
What bones can you see from norma frontalis?
Frontal Nasal Maxilla Zygomatic bone Mandible
What bones can you see from norma verticalis?
Frontal
Parietal (x2)
Occipital
What bones can you see from norma Lateralis?
Frontal Parietal Greater wing of the sphenoid Temporal Maxilla Mandible Zygomatic Occipital
What suture connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones?
Coronal suture
What suture runs down the middle of the cranium joining the two parietal bones?
The sagital suture
What suture unites the occipital bone with the parietal bones?
The lambdoid suture
What suture joins the two frontal bones in a young individual?
The metopic suture
What is the highest part of the skull called?
The bregma
What age is the metopic suture fused by?
3 years old
8% of the population still have a metopic suture > the age of 3.
What is the function of the parietal foramen? What runs through them?
Provides venous communication between the inside and the outside of the cranial cavity.
Emissary veins pass through
What are wormian/sutural bones?
They are islands of bones along a suture
commonly on the lambdoid suture
Where are Wormian bones commonly found?
The lambdoid suture
What is the most post posterior part of the skull called?
Where is it located?
The external occipital protuberance
The occipital bone
Where is the anterior fontanelle found?
Diamond shaped membrane located between the 2 frontal bones and the 2 parietal bones of a baby.
What are sutures?
Unossified fibrous joints
How are sutures formed?
Describe the mechanism
Formed by intramembranous ossification in the embryo
Primitive mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts and lay down bone WITHOUT cartilage precursor.
Describe the functions(s) of sutures.
Allow growth of cranial bones
Allow ease of movement of the the skull through the birth canal
What bone does the head of the mandible articulate with to form the Tempromandibular joint?
Mandibular fossa of the Temporal bone
List the parts of the temporal bone. (6)
Squamous zygomatic
Petromastoid
Tympanic plate
Styloid process
Zygomatic process
Mastoid process
At what age does the mastoid process (part of the temporal bone) appear?
2 y/o
Describe the difference between the mastoid process (part of the temporal bone) in males compared to females.
Mastoid process is larger and more prominent in males
What is the pteroin?
An H shapes suture which has very thin and fragile bone that joins the frontal, parietal, sphenoidal and temporal bones
What is the clinical relevance of the pteroin?
The bone in this area is thin
The middle meningeal artery runs directly below this area
Trauma to this area could lead to rupture of this artery
Leads to an extra dural haemorrhage
What is the function of diploic veins?
Drain bone marrow
How many parts are there to the frontal bone? Name them.
Squamous part
Frontal plate
Orbital plate
How many parts is there to the maxilla?
2 wings joined by a suture
What structures does the maxilla contribute to? (4)
Anterior nasal aperture
The bridge of the nose
The mesial lower margin of the orbit
Bones of the cheek
What is the zygomatic process/buttress composed of?
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone
What are the key landmarks of the normal frontalis?
The supra-orbital foramen/notch
The infra-orbital foramen
The mental foramen
The zygomaticofacial formaen
What does the supra-orbital foramen/notch carry?
The supraorbital branch of the opthalmic div of the trigeminal nerve
What does the infra-orbital foramen carry?
The infraorbital branch of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
What does the mental foramen carry?
The mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
What can the supra-orbital notch be used for clinically?
Can be used to assess conscious levels.
Apply pressure to this area and a conscious patient will respond.
