Anatomy W1 - Cervical spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrate are there?

A

7

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2
Q

How many cervical nerves are there?

A

8

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3
Q

How can you differentiate (human) cervical vertebrate from other (human) vertebrate?

A

All CERVICAL vertebrate have a foramen transverarium

this carries the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerve plexus

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4
Q

What is C1 called?

A

The atlas

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5
Q

What is C2 called?

A

The axis

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6
Q

What is the name given to C3-6?

A

Typical cervical vertebrate

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7
Q

How do you identify the different TYPICAL cervical vertebrate (C3-C6) ?

A

Can only identify C3-6 If they are all present and you can compare.

As you move down the cervical vertebrate the groove where the nerve lies gets larger in size, i.e. C6 has a larger groove than C5,4,3.

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8
Q

Describe the body of a typical cervical vertebrate.

A

The body has a curved concave surface with slightly raised lateral borders

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9
Q

What is found between each cervical vertebrate?

A

There are intervertebral discs between each vertebrate. These discs are composed of fibrocartilage.

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10
Q

What is the name of the joints between the vertebrate?

A

Symphysis joint/secondary joint

bone, fibrocartilage, bone

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11
Q

What structure does the spinal chord run through?

A

The vertebral foramen

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12
Q

Where do the nerves lie in cervical vertebrate?

A

Above the vertebrate

i.e. C5 nerve runs up and over the C5 vertebrate.

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13
Q

How would you describe the spinous process in a typical cervical vertebrate?

A

Bifid - 2 processes

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14
Q

What structure caries the vertebral artery in the typical cervical vertebrate AND C1 & C2?

A

The foramen transverarium

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15
Q

What joint is present at the superior articular facet?

A

A synovial joint

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16
Q

What pathology can affect the superior articular facet? Explain.

A

Osteoarthritis - Osteophytes can form in this joint which can apply pressure to the nerve and generate pain.

17
Q

What two structures work together to allow nodding/flexion and extension of the head?

A

The atlas (C1) and the skull

18
Q

What joint allows nodding of the head?

A

Atlantooccipital joint

19
Q

C1/ the atlas is described as Atypical - what features make it unique?

A

Has no vertebral body

Has no spinous process - instead has a posterior tubercle and a posterior arch.

The facets are kidney/oval and concave in shape.

It has a wider transverse process

20
Q

What two structures work together to allow rotation of the head?

A

The atlas C1 and the axis C2

21
Q

C2 / the axis is described as Atypical - what features make it unique?

A

Has an odontoid process/dens

Has flat facets to aid rotation.

22
Q

C7 is also described as Atypical - what features make it unique?

A

It has a large spinous process which IS NOT bifid - resembles thoracic vertebrate.

The vertebral artery doesn’t pass through the foramen transverarium (artery passes in C1-6)